Урок 3.1

Упражнение 1. Прочитайте слова.

[ai] science; provide; describe; device; occupy; centralize; comprise; utilize.

[A] number; combustion; ductwork; pump; accomplish.

Упражнение 2. Сопоставьте слово с переводом и соответствующей ему транскрипцией.

1) combustion; 2) mechanical; 3) compression; 4) furnace; 5) equipment; 6) portion;

1) ['Çe:nis]; 2) [åIk'·íið(ə)l]; 3) ['pLs(ə)n]; 4) [I'ðæiãå¶íë]; 5) [ÐqÅ'pr¿(ə)n]; 6) ["kəÅ'bµÉà(ə)n];

1) оборудование; 2) секция; 3) печь; 4) горение; 5) сжатие; 6) механический.

Текст А

Hvac systems

The field of heating, ventilation, and air conditioning—HVAC (Figure 3.1) —is a science and practice of controlling indoor climate, thereby providing health and comfortable interior conditions for occupants in a well-designed, energy-efficient, and low-emissions manner. The term "H" stands for heating that comprises of any number of heating systems from gas furnaces, electric furnaces, oil furnaces, oil and gas boilers, radiant heating systems, and heat pumps. "V" describes ventilation. This can be ventilating the facility using ductwork or ventilating a kitchen using ductwork and fans with a hood. It can also refer to combustion air or the air needed to have combustion for various heating systems. "AC" refers to air conditioning that comprises of 3 main methods – mechanical compression, vapor absorption and evaporative cooling. Air conditioners (direct expansion – DX systems) and chillers usually accomplish the job of air conditioning.

HVAC systems have the following elements in common:

• equipment to generate heating or cooling: the equipment is selected with a capacity to offset the peak load of the space or spaces to be served;

• means of distributing heat, cooling, and/or filtered ventilation air where needed: air, water or steam;

• devices that deliver the heat, cooling, and/or fresh air into the building: registers and diffusers, hydronic radiators or convectors, and fan coil units.

The objective of an HVAC (heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning) system is to control the temperature, humidity, air movement, and air cleanliness, normally with mechanical means, to achieve thermal comfort. Centralized HVAC system installations utilize a number of separate components that are field assembled to serve the specific needs of an individual building. A central plant has 4 principle elements:

1. Energy supply (e.g. electricity, fuel);

2. Service generators (e.g. boilers, chillers);

3. Distribution components (e.g. air distribution ducts, pipes);

4. Delivery components (e.g. diffusers, radiators).

Distribution components convey a heating or cooling medium from source-located service generators to portions of a building that require conditioning. Delivery components serve as an interface between the distribution system

and occupied spaces.

Figure 3.1 HVAC system.

Ответьте на вопросы к тексту:

1. What does HVAC system provide?

2. What do the terms "H" and "V" stand for?

3. What does "AC" refer to?

4. What elements do HVAC systems have in common?

5. What is the objective of an HVAC (heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning) system?

6. What principle elements does a central plant have?

7. How do distribution components function?

8. What are delivery components used for?

Упражнение 3. Переведите следующие слова и словосочетания на русский язык.

Field (n.); heating; ventilation (n.); air conditioning; science (n.); indoor climate; thereby; provide (v.); health (n.); comfortable interior condition (n.); occupant (n.); well-designed; energy-efficient; low-emission; stand for (v.); comprise (v.); gas furnace; electric furnace; oil furnace; oil and gas boilers; radiant heating system; heat pumps; facility (n.); ductwork (n.); fan (n.); hood (n.); refer to (v.); combustion air; mechanical compression; vapor absorption; evaporative cooling; direct expansion; chiller (n.); accomplish (v.); equipment (n.); generate (v.); select (v.); capacity (n.); offset (v.); peak load; means (n.); register (n.); diffuser (n.); hydronic radiator; convector (n.); fan coil unit; objective (n.); humidity (n.); air movement; air cleanliness; mechanical mean; utilize (v.); separate component; field assembled; serve (v.); energy supply; electricity (n.); fuel (n.); service generator; distribution component; air distribution duct; delivery component; radiator (n.); convey (v.).

Упражнение 4. Переведите следующие слова и словосочетания на английский язык.

Средство механизации; система радиационного нагрева; электрическая печь; оборудование; собранный в эксплуатационных условиях; распределительный вентиляционный канал/воздуховод; движение воздушных потоков; занятая зона/зона пребывания людей; влажность; электричество; конвектор; жидкостный/водяной радиатор; житель/обитатель; холодильник; сеть вентиляционных труб; энергоэффективный/энергосберегающий; тягодутьевое устройство; компенсировать; требовать; достигать; выполнять.

Упражнение 5. Сопоставьте слово (A) с его определением (B).

(А)

1. to ventilate;

2. air-conditioning;

3. furnace;

4. humidity;

5. generator;

6. electricity;

7. radiator;

8. heat pump;

(В)

1. the amount of water contained in the air;

2. to let fresh air into a room, building, etc.;

3. a system that makes the air in a room or building cooler and drier;

4. part of a machine that takes heat from one place to another;

5. a piece of equipment used to heat a building;

6. the power that is carried by wires, cables etc., and is used to provide light or heat, to make machines work etc.;

7. a thin metal container that is fastened to a wall and through which hot water passes to provide heat for a room;

8. a machine that produces electricity.

Упражнение 6. Переведите группы существительных.

Gas furnace; oil furnace; air movement; distribution component; delivery component; service generator; distribution system; combustion air; system installation; peak load; vapor absorption.

Упражнение 7. Дайте антонимы следующих слов.

More; outdoor; high; warm; big; uncomfortable; inefficient; uncover.

Упражнение 8. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на время и залог сказуемого.

1. HVAC systems have some elements in common.

2. The equipment is selected with a capacity to offset the peak load of the space.

3. The objective of an HVAC system is to control the temperature, humidity, air movement, and air cleanliness.

4. Delivery components will serve as an interface between the distribution system and occupied spaces.

5. Plastics can be employed to reduce breakage and cost.

6. Fire tube boilers have been used in various early forms to produce steam for industrial purposes.

7. A substance preventing corrosion in the system is being added which binds oxygen.

8. All kinds of online cleaning methods were developed.

9. The shell boiler evolved into modern forms such as the electric boiler.

10. This device will have suffered less thermal forces.

Упражнение 9. Переведите предложения. Выделите главные и второстепенные члены предложения.

1. The term "H" stands for heating that comprises of gas furnaces, electric furnaces, oil furnaces, radiant heating systems, and heat pumps.

2. Distribution components convey a heating or cooling medium.

3. HVAC system installations will utilize a number of separate components.

4. Air conditioning system should provide health and comfortable interior conditions for occupants.

5. Energy supply is used in central plant.

6. Separate components were served as the specific needs of an individual building.

Упражнение 10. Задайте 5 вопросов различных типов к тексту А.

Упражнение 11. Прочитайте и переведите текст.

When the air is cooled directly by passing it over an evaporator in which the refrigerant is expanding from a liquid to a gas, the process is known as direct expansion (DX). It is suitable only for small systems, window air-conditioners; package units and split systems are typical examples of DX systems. The application and unit capacity ranges are as follows: room air conditioner (capacity range of 0.5 to 3 capacity range (TR) per unit, suitable for an area of not more than 1,000 square feet); packaged unit integral air-cooled condenser (capacity range of 3 to 50 TR, suitable for a maximum an area of 1,000 – 10,000 square feet); split system with outdoor air-cooled condenser (capacity range of 0.5 to 50 TR, suitable for an area of 100 – 10,000 square feet). Multiple DX units are often used for larger buildings.

Note:

TR (ton of refrigeration) тонна охлаждения (единица холодопроизводительности).

Текст В