- •Т. М. Лазарева, н. С. Дельмухомедова, н.В. Дерябина
- •Предисловие
- •Part I section I. Hardware lesson one
- •Exercises
- •Grammar Review
- •3. Read and memorize the following word combinations:
- •Text a what is computing?
- •Exercises
- •8. Answer the following questions:
- •9. Choose the 3rd form of the given verbs:
- •10. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the use of Indefinite, Continuous, and Perfect Tenses in the Active Voice:
- •11. Fill in the blanks with the following verbs in the Present Indefinite Active:
- •12. Give the proper tense of the verbs given in brackets:
- •7. Memorize the following definitions:
- •13. Read the dialogue and try to reproduce it. Meeting a friend
- •Lesson two
- •Exercises
- •Grammar Review
- •3. Read and memorize the following word combinations:
- •Information, machine words, instructions, addresses and reasonable operations
- •Exercises
- •4. Find the equivalents:
- •5. Arrange (a) synonyms and (b) antonyms in pairs and translate them:
- •6. Form nouns from the verbs by adding suffixes:
- •7. Complete the following sentences:
- •8. Memorize the following definitions:
- •9. Answer the following questions:
- •10. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the words in bold type:
- •11. Read and translate the following sentences paying attention to the predicates in the Passive Voice:
- •12. Fill in the blanks with the verbs given below. Use them in the Passive Voice:
- •13. Read and translate the following sentences paying attention to the modal verbs and their equivalents:
- •14. Find the sentences in which the verbs 'to have' and 'to be’ are translated as «должен»:
- •16. Read Text b. Render it in Russian. Text в how much should an educated man know about computers?
- •Grammar Review
- •Input and output units (I/o units)
- •Exercises
- •4. Find the equivalents:
- •5. Insert prepositions where necessary:
- •13. State the functions of the Infinitive and translate the sentences:
- •14. Translate the sentences paying attention to the Subjective Infinitive Construction:
- •15. Translate the following sentences with the emphatic construction It is (was) ... That (who, which, when) . . .
- •16. Find the equivalent to the following Russian sentence:
- •Text b terms
- •18. Translate Text c with a dictionary text c reliability
- •Lesson four
- •Exercises
- •Grammar Review
- •Text a memory or storage unit
- •Exercises
- •4. Find the equivalents:
- •5. Memorize the following definitions:
- •6. Answer the following questions:
- •7. What do you call a unit which:
- •8. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the words in bold type:
- •9. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the form and function of the Participle:
- •10. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the Absolute Participle Construction:
- •11. Find the sentences in which the Absolute Participle Construction is used:
- •12. Read Text в and make up questions on the text for your group mates to answer: text b the floppy disks
- •13. Read Text b’ and translate it without a dictionary. Text b' bubble memory
- •14. Read Text c. Render it in Russian. Text с chips
- •Lesson five
- •Exercises
- •Grammar Review
- •3. Memorize the following word combinations:
- •Техт a central processing unit
- •4. Find in (b) the Russian equivalents to the English words and word combinations in (a):
- •5. Arrange synonyms in pairs:
- •6. Complete the following sentences:
- •7. Memorize the following definitions:
- •8. Answer the following questions:
- •9. What do you call a unit which:
- •10. Compare:
- •11. Read and translate the following sentences paying attention to the Objective Infinitive Constructions and for-phrases with the Infinitive:
- •12. Define the Infinitive constructions and translate the sentences:
- •13. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the ing-forms:
- •14. Read Text b and translate it with a dictionary. Write a short summary: text b generations of computer systems
- •15. Read the following dialogue. Try to reproduce it. Text c telephone talk
- •Lesson six
- •Exercises
- •Grammar Review
- •Text a microcomputer and microprocessor design
- •Exercises
- •4. For the nouns in column II find suitable attributes in column I and translate:
- •5. Find the Russian equivalents to the following English word combinations:
- •6. Memorize the following definitions:
- •7. Answer the following questions:
- •8. Translate the words of the same root. Define parts of speech:
- •9. Read and translate the following sentences paying attention to ing-forms:
- •10. State the functions of the Gerund. Translate the sentences:
- •11. Translate into English using the Gerund:
- •12. Read Text в and translate it with a dictionary. Make up a list of key words: text b russian supercomputer
- •13. Read Text с. Find the answers to the following questions:
- •3. Memorize the following word combinations:
- •Text a the basic principles of programming
- •Exercises
- •4. Find the Russian equivalents to the following English words and word combinations:
- •5. Memorize the following definitions:
- •6. Answer the following questions:
- •7. Read and translate the following sentences paying attention to the meaning of the words and word combinations given below:
- •8. Read Text в and write a brief summary of it: text b programming
- •9. Translate the following dialogue from Russian into English: в вычислительном центре нашего института
- •Lesson eight
- •Exercises
- •Text a the basic principles of programming (continued)
- •Exercises
- •4. Find the Russian equivalents of the following English word combinations:
- •5. Arrange the synonyms in pairs and translate them:
- •6. Form two sentences of your own with each word combination:
- •7. Memorize the following definitions:
- •8. Answer the following questions:
- •9. Read and translate the following sentences paying attention to the meaning of the words and word combinations given below:
- •10. Speak on:
- •11. Read Text в and translate it with a dictionary. Write a brief summary of it: text b. Kinds of programs
- •12. Translate the following dialogue into English. Reproduce it in English: на экзамене по эвм
- •Lesson nine
- •Exercises
- •2. Pronounce the following words correctly
- •3. Memorize the following word combinations:
- •Text a low level programming languages: machine and assembly languages
- •Exercises
- •4. Memorize the following definitions:
- •5. Answer the following questions:
- •6. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the meaning of the words given below:
- •7. Read Text в without a dictionary. Try to get the main idea of each paragraph. Render the text in Russian: text b programming languages
- •8. Read Text с. Give the contents in short (in Russian). Text c the interface
- •3. Memorize the following word combinations:
- •Text a high level programming languages: fortran & pl/I
- •Exercises
- •4. Memorize the following definitions:
- •5. Answer the following questions:
- •6. Compare fortran and pl/I.
- •7. Speak on:
- •8. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the meaning of the words given below:
- •9. Read Text в without a dictionary. Render the main points of the text in Russian: text b algol
- •10. Read Text в' and translate it without a dictionary. Write a short summary: text b' cobol
- •11. Read Text с and translate it with a dictionary. Text с data base management system (dbms)
- •3. Memorize the following word combinations:
- •Text a high level programming languages: basic & pascal
- •7. Memorize the following definitions:
- •8. Answer the following questions:
- •9. A) Compare basic and pascal; b) Speak on the difference in basic and pascal structures.
- •10. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the meaning of the words and word combinations given below:
- •11. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the comparison degrees:
- •12. Read and translate Text b without a dictionary. Render it in Russian: text b
- •13. Read Text с and reproduce it in English. Text с procedural and non-procedural languages
- •Part II. Texts for supplementary reading from the history of the computer
- •The academy of sciences
- •At the computing centre of the academy of sciences
- •News in the computer field
- •Supercomputers
- •The fifth-generation project
- •Computers compete
- •Hand-held computer
- •Volumetric electronics
- •Artificial intelligence
- •Some facts about robots
- •Ibm vs. Apple
- •Microsoft: competition only with itself
- •The checkered flag of the leader
- •The face on mars
- •Water on the moon?
- •Part III. My speciality
- •1. Обратите внимание на произношение следующих слов:
- •2. Прочтите и переведите слова, обращая внимание на суффиксы:
- •3. Образуйте существительные, обозначающие приборы и деятелей, с помощью суффикса -er/-or. Переведите их:
- •4. Переведите следующие словосочетания:
- •5. Прочтите и запомните следующие слова:
- •6. Прочтите и переведите текст.
- •7. Найдите эквиваленты следующих слов:
- •8. Выберите из правого столбика антонимы к словам левого столбика.
- •9. Найдите в каждом ряду слово, близкое по значению слову, стоящему слева:
- •10. Ответьте на вопросы по тексту.
- •11. Закончите предложения.
- •12. Закончите предложение согласно модели.
- •13. Скажите по-английски:
- •14. Прочтите описанное и назовите слово, соответствующее этому описанию.
- •15. Прочтите текст и найдите ответы на следующие вопросы:
- •16. Закончите диалог.
- •17. Запомните следующие пословицы и поговорки.
- •18. English humor.
- •19. Прочтите текст и скажите, какую новую информацию вы узнали из него. Automation Starts with Men
- •20. Расскажите о применении автоматики на предприятиях пищевой промышленности. Contents
12. Translate the following dialogue into English. Reproduce it in English: на экзамене по эвм
Студент: Здравствуйте, профессор.
Профессор: Здравствуйте. Как вас зовут, из какой вы группы?
Ст.: Иванов, я студент 3 курса 2 группы.
Проф.: Берите, пожалуйста, билет и готовьтесь отвечать.
После подготовки к ответу по билету студент Иванов отвечает на все 3 вопроса хорошо.
Проф.: Позвольте задать вам несколько вопросов дополнительно. Во-первых, с какого времени стали выпускать компьютеры на электронных лампах, и какие отечественные машины подобного типа вы знаете?
Ст.: Электронные компьютеры стали выпускать с 1944 года. Представителями этого первого поколения электронных компьютеров в России были БЭСМ и «Минск-1».
Проф.: Какова скорость микрокомпьютера?
Ст.: Современный микрокомпьютер может выполнять более 10 биллионов операций в секунду, и это не предел.
Проф.: Кто был изобретателем первого в мире арифмометра?
Ст.: Русский математик П. Л. Чебышев, в 1882 г.
Проф.: Где нашли применение компьютеры?
Ст.: Во всех областях жизни. Особенно в астрономии, электротехнике, физике, химии, ядерной технике, лингвистике, статистике, банковских операциях, медицине. Компьютеры сочиняют музыку, играют в шахматы, рисуют и чертят.
Проф.: Ваш ответ заслуживает высокой оценки.
Ст.: Спасибо, профессор. Этот предмет мой любимый. До свидания.
Lesson nine
Text A. Low Level Programming Languages: Machine and Assembly Languages.
Text B. Programming Languages.
Text C. The Interface.
Exercises
Read the international words and guess their meaning in Russian:
order; sort; to communicate; spectrum; assembler; mnemonic; auto code; designer; repertoire; absolute; pseudo; figure; increment; decrement; container; competition; code; translation; ALGOL; FORTRAN; COBOL
2. Pronounce the following words correctly
wish [wiƒ] v – хотеть, желать
spectrum ['spektrəm] n – спектр
mnemonic [ni(:)'monik] а – мнемонический
bottom ['botəm] n – низ; дно
autocode ['o:to(u)koud] n – автокод
immediately [i'mi:djətli] adv – немедленно
obey [ə'bei] v – повиноваться; подчиняться
adopt [ə'dopt] v – принимать; перенимать
repertoire ['repətwa:] n – набор; состав; система команд; репертуар
alphanumeric [,ælfənju:'merik] a – буквенно-цифровой
assembler [ə'semblə] n – программа «Ассемблер»
source [so:s] n – источник; исток; а – исходный
specify ['spesifai] v – точно определять; устанавливать
distinguish [dis'tiηgwiƒ] v – различать
relative ['relətiv] a – относительный
offset ['o(:)fsət] n – смещение; сдвиг
distinction [dis'tiη(k) ƒ (ə)n] n – различие; распознавание
therefore ['ðεəfo:] adv – поэтому
existence [ig'zist(ə)ns] n – существование
note [nout] v – замечать; отмечать; упоминать
assembly language [ə'sembli 'læηgwidʒ] – язык ассемблера
disadvantage [,disəd'va:ntidʒ] n – недостаток
shift [ƒift] n – сдвиг; смещение; v смещать
3. Memorize the following word combinations:
machine-dependent – машинозависимый
low level languages – языки низкого уровня
an absolute address – абсолютный адрес
a source program – исходная программа
an object program – конечная программа
pseudo-op (operation) – псевдокоманда
machine-op (operation) – машинная команда
relative addresses – относительные адреса