Karpova_bazy_dannyh
.pdf
131
, 
, 
. 
PROFESSOR
TAB_NUM |
varchar (5) |
PREP_NAME |
varchar (40) |
DEPARTMENT smallint
Student |
TAB_NUM=TAB_NUM |
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N_Z_BOOK varchar (10) |
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TAB_NUM varchar (5) |
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NAME |
varchar (30) |
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NAME_F |
varchar (30) |
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NAME_L |
varchar (30) |
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GROOP |
varchar (6) |
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. 7.9. 
STUDENT 
PROFESSOR
7. 
. 
, 
, 
- 
, 
- 
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, 
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8.
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.
(M/E, mutually exclusive) |
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- |
. 
-
, 
, 
.
9.
, 
(
. 
. 7.10. 
7.11).
Java applet
. 7.10. 
. 7.11. 
«
-
-
».
: ISBN (
) 
KOD (
). 
(FOREING KEY),
. 
. 7.12 
,
. 7.6 
«
». 
-
, 
-
, 
«
». 
- 
(
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. 
5-
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. 7.12. 
134 |
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7. |
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BOOKS |
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READERS |
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ISBN=ISBN |
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ISBN |
varchar (14) |
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NUM_READER |
int |
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TITLE |
varchar (255) |
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NAME |
varchar (14) |
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AUTOR |
varchar (30) |
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BIRTH_DAY |
datetime |
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PUBLICHER |
varchar (30) |
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SEX |
char (1) |
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WHERE_PUBLICH varchar (30) |
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HOME_PHON |
char (9) |
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YEAR_IZD |
smallint |
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WORK_PHON |
char (9) |
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PAGES |
smallint |
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ISBN = ISBN |
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EXEMPLAR |
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INV_NUMER |
int |
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RELATION_67 |
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ISBN |
varchar (14) |
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NUM_READER |
int |
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ISBN |
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PRESENT |
bit |
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KW_KOD |
smallint |
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DATE_IN |
datetime |
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DATE_OUT |
datetime |
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KW_KOD=KW_KOD |
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CATALOG |
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KW_KOD |
smallint |
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NAME_KW |
varchar (256) |
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. 7.13. 
«
»
6. 
-
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, 
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, 
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8
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« |
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, 
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136 |
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3 
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«
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«
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Null 
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<
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<
> IS NOT NULL
(
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IS NULL 
TRUE (
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IS NOT NULL 
FALSE (
), 
IS NULL
FALSE, 
IS NOT NULL 
TRUE. Null
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8.1. |
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Not A |
A B |
A B |
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TRUE |
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TRUE |
FA |
TRUE |
TRUE |
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TRUE |
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FALSE |
FALSE |
FALSE |
TRUE |
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137
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Not A |
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A B |
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TRUE |
Null |
FALSE |
Null |
TRUE |
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FALSE |
TRUE |
TRUE |
FALSE |
TRUE |
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FALSE |
FALSE |
TRUE |
FALSE |
FALSE |
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FALSE |
Null |
TRUE |
FALSE |
Null |
Null |
TRUE |
Null |
Null |
TRUE |
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Null |
FALSE |
Null |
FALSE |
Null |
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Null |
Null |
Null |
Null |
Null |
SQL2
, 
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UNKNOWN. 
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<
> IS {TRUE | FALSE | UNKNOWN}
-
, 
, 
, 
SQL. He |
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SQL.
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(Declarative Referential Integrity, DRI), 
:
- 
, 
;
-
, 
, 
- 
Null 
.
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, 
-
, 
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,
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, 
138 |
8 |
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, 
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:
1 . |
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17 |
. |
2 . |
, |
I960 |
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3 . |
5 |
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4 . |
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« |
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(Business Rules) 
. 
:
, 
, 
- 
(Null), 
.
, 
, 
-
. 
,
-
. 
, 
MS Access 97 
:
YEAR(NOW())
NOW() 
, YEAR (data) -
.
, 
-
, 
- 
1960 
. 
-
. 
MS Access 97 
-
:
Between 1960 NOW YEAR(IN))
139
MS SQL Server 7.0 
«
-
». 
, 
, 
- 
:
YEAR_PUBL >= I960 AND YEAR_PUBL <= YEAR (GETDATE())
GETDATE 
MS SQL Server 7.0, 
- 
, YAR_PUBL 
, 
.
, 
, 
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. 
, 
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, MS SQL Server 7.0 |
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, 
1980 
. 
, 
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, 
-
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-
, 
.
, 
, 
, 
, 
-
-
, 
, 
, 
.
, 
. 
-
,
. 
140 |
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8 |
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(NOT NULL) |
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(NOT |
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NULL.) |
MS Access97 |
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MS SQL Server97 |
|
- |
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. |
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_
N IS NOT HULL OR WORK_PHON IS MOT NULL
, 
,
, 
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. 
-
.
,
. 
, 
. 
-
. 
.
DDL 
SQL
-
. 
SQL 
-
:
< |
> = CREATE TABLE < |
> |
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(< |
> [{ < |
|
} ]) |
< |
> = < |
|
>| |
< |
> |
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< |
>= < |
> < |
> |
[< |
>] [< |
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>] |
< |
> =DEFAULT { <literal> | USER | NULL} |
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< |
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> =NOT NULL |
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{< |
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>]| |
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< |
>| |
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CHECK (< |
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>) |
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< |
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= UNIQUE |
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