2. I was gardening when it started raining.

I wasn't cleaning house at the time.

a. …………………………………………

b. ……………………………………………

c. …………………………………………….

d. Who…………………………………………

e. What……………………………………..

f. When………………………………………

g. ……………………………………………

h. ……………………………………………….

i. ………………………………………………….

j. ……………………………………………….

4. 4.1 My parents were waiting for me when I arrived.

They weren't sleeping when I arrived.

1. Were your parents waiting for you when you arrived? – Yes, they were.

2. Were they sleeping when you arrived? – No, they weren't.

3. Were your parents waiting for you or sleeping when you arrived? – They were waiting for me.

4. Who was waiting for you when you arrived? – My parents were.

5. What were your parents doing when you arrived? – They were waiting for me.

6. When were your parents waiting for you? – When I arrived.

7. Your parents were waiting for you, weren't they? – Yes, they were.

8. Your parents weren't waiting for you, were they? – Yes, they were.

9. Your parents were sleeping, weren't they? – No, they weren't.

j. Your parents weren't sleeping, were they? – No, they weren't.

4.2 They were listening to music on the bbc3 when the electricity was cut off.

They weren't dancing when it happened.

1. ……………………………………………….

2. ……………………………………………..

3. ………………………………………………….

4. Who……………………………………………..

5. What……………………………………………..

6. When………………………………………………

7. ………………………………………………………..

8. …………………………………………………………

9. ……………………………………………………….

10. ………………………………………………………….

5. 5.1 Tom had had lunch before we arrived.

He hadn’t had dinner before we arrived.

1. Had Tom had lunch before you arrived? – Yes, he had.

2. Had he had dinner before you arrived? – No, he hadn’t.

3. Had he had lunch or dinner before you arrived? – He had had lunch.

4. Who had had lunch before you arrived? – Tom had.

5. What meal had he had before you arrived? – He had had lunch.

6. Tom had had lunch before you arrived, hadn’t he? – Yes, he had.

7. He hadn’t had lunch before you arrived, had he? – Yes, he had.

8. He had had dinner before you arrived, hadn’t he? – No, he hadn’t.

9. He hadn’t had dinner before you arrived, had he? – No, he hadn’t.

5.2 She had passed her final exams before she applied to the University.

She hadn't applied to the University before she passed her finals.

1. ………………………………………………………….

2. ……………………………………………………………

3. …………………………………………………………….

4. Who………………………………………………………

5. What………………………………………………………….

6. …………………………………………………………………..

7. …………………………………………………………………….

8. ……………………………………………………………………..

9. …………………………………………………………………

6. 6.1 They had been playing tennis for half an hour when it started raining.

They hadn’t been playing tennis for five minutes when it started raining.

1. Had they been playing tennis for half an hour when it started raining? – Yes, they had.

2. Had they been playing tennis for five minutes when it started raining? – No, they hadn’t.

3. Had they been playing tennis for half an hour or five minutes when it started raining? – They had been playing for five minutes.

4. Who had been playing tennis for half an hour when it started raining? –They had.

5. What had they been doing for half an hour when it started raining? – They had been playing tennis.

6. How long had they been playing when it started raining?

7. They had been playing for half an hour, hadn’t they? – Yes, they had.

8. They hadn't been playing tennis for half an hour, had they? –Yes, they had.

9. They had been playing tennis for five minute, hadn't they? - No, they hadn’t.

10. They hadn't been playing tennis for five minutes, had they? – No, they hadn't.

2. They had been living in this block for 15 years before the remodeling.

They hadn't been living here for five years before the remodeling.

1. …………………………………………………………

2. ………………………………………………………….

3. ………………………………………………………….

4. Who………………………………………………….

5. What……………………………………………………

6. How long………………………………………………

7. ………………………………………………………….

8. ………………………………………………………….

9. ………………………………………………………….

10. ……………………………………………………….

Practice

Translate back into English (sentences from the textbook):

1. Мы не могли позволить себе держать машину, поэтому мы ее продали.

2. Я знал, что Сара была очень занята, поэтому я ее не беспокоил.

3. Дэйв упал с лестницы сегодня утром и ушиб ногу.

4. Кровать была очень неудобной. Я не могла хорошо выспаться.

5. Анна потратила много денег вчера. Она купила платье, которое стоило сто

фунтов.

6. Я был очень усталым, поэтому рано уехал с вечеринки.

7. Было тяжело нести эти сумки. Они были очень тяжелые.

8. Сьюзан не видела меня. Она смотрела в другую сторону.

9. С какой скоростью (как быстро) ты ехал, когда произошла авария?

10. Что ты делал в это время вчера? – Я спал.

11. Вчера вечером я уронила тарелку, когда мыла посуду. К счастью, она не

разбилась.

12. Я уже сто лет не видел Алана. Когда я видел его последний раз, он пытался

искать работу.

13. Я шла по улице, когда вдруг услышала шаги. Кто-то следовал за мной. Это

меня напугало, и я побежала.

14. Лиза замужем. Она замужем год. Она вышла замуж прошлым летом.

15. Мартин на месте? – Нет, он вышел. - А когда точно он вышел?

16. Мы опоздали в кино. Когда мы пришли, фильм уже начался.

17. Я предложил Сюзан поесть чего-нибудь, но она не хотела есть. Она только что позавтракала.

18. Когда я приехал на вечеринку, Поль уже ушел домой.

19. В прошлом году мы ездили в Данию. Это было впервые. Раньше мы там не

бывали.

20. Я пригласил Рэчел на вечеринку, но она не смогла прийти. У нее уже были какие-то дела.

21. Мальчики пришли домой. Они были очень уставшими, потому что играли в футбол.

22. В доме было очень тихо, когда я пришел домой. Все уже легли спать.

23. Я просидел в ресторане 20 минут, когда я понял, что я не в том ресторане.

24. Когда я приехал, Кет ждала меня. Она была недовольна, потому что я опоздал и она долго ждала меня.

25. У Лизы раньше был мотоцикл, но в прошлом году она его продала и купила машину.

26. Раньше возле аэропорта был отель, но он давно закрылся.

27. Я редко сейчас ем мороженое, а раньше я его ела очень много.

28. Когда ты жил в Нью-Йорке, ты обычно часто бывал в театрах?

29. Раньше мы жили рядом с железной дорогой. Каждый раз, когда мимо проходил поезд, дом сотрясался.

Choose the correct form

1. My brother and I (went/had been going/ were going/ had gone) swimming almost every day last summer.

2. We (talked/had talked/were talking/were talked) when someone knocked at the door.

3. Jack (hadn’t been playing/didn’t play/wasn’t playing/hadn’t played) chess before, so I showed him what to do.

4. I wasn’t sure how Belinda would react because I (didn’t know/wasn’t knowing/hadn’t been knowing/hadn’t known) her long.

5. Ian (hadn’t been working/wasn’t working/didn’t work/wasn’t worked) at the factory long when he was made a manager.

6. When we got to the airport, I realized I (was left/had left/left/had been leaving) my passport at home!

7. It was obvious that Bill (has worked/had been working/had worked/worked) a lot because he was very tired when I saw him.

8. We (had been tidying/were tidying/had tidied/used to tidy) the garden for hours and I (was needing/needed/had needed) some rest.

9. When the bus (was arriving/arrived/had arrived) we missed it because we (were talking/had been talking/talked).

Use the correct form of the words in brackets

Childhood

Childhood used to be quite different from what it is today. Young people didn’t use (enjoy) so much free time. Children today may complain about schoolwork, but in the past people would (go) out to work at a very young age. They often (leave) school by the time they (be) fourteen and found a job. This meant that they had little free time for hobbies or leisure activities, especially when they (work) hard all day. Of course, they got used to (work) long hours eventually, but it meant that they had to grow up very quickly. Today, we all expect to have some free time to do things we enjoy, a luxury people in the past rarely (have).

Write one word in each gap.

Jane lay awake. She had ___ preparing for the next day ___ a long time and now she couldn’t sleep. Her team ___ playing against the local champions at water polo in the final and Jane was the captain. She ___ feeling the pressure.

She turned over and remembered how she ___ learned to swim. Her father had taught her. They ___ go to the local pool every day after school and her father ___ to show her what to do. She hadn’t liked the water at first, but she soon ___ used to it. She learned quickly and joined the water polo team. She had ___ their youngest member!

She quickly got used to scoring goals and ___ under pressure, but tomorrow was different. It was the biggest match of her life. She closed her eyes again and tried to get to sleep. “ I___used to have problems going to sleep”, she thought to herself. “ But then again, I didn’t ___ to be the captain of the team”. She watched the clock change slowly and knew that it was going to be a long night.

Translate into English:

1. В тот день мы пошли домой к Кет, но ее не было дома.

2. Мы были растерялись. Мы даже не знали, что сказать.

3. Когда мы встретились последний раз, Макс искал квартиру.

4. Джулия сломала ногу. – Правда? Когда это случилось?

5. Вы быстро ехали, когда вас остановила полиция?

6. Мои друзья вместе с тех пор, как встретились 20 лет назад.

7. В прошлом году мы ездили отдыхать в Шотландию. – И сколько вы там пробыли?

8. Сергей раньше часто у нас бывал. Сейчас он живет в Петербурге и очень редко бывает у нас.

9. Мы простояли в пробке, и когда приехали в театр, спектакль уже начался.

10. Мы сразу легли спать, потому что были очень усталыми. Мы путешествовали почти сутки.

11. Я встретил своего школьного друга, когда шел на работу.

12. Мы раньше вместе ездили на охоту.

13. Когда уехал Энтони? – Когда я вернулся, его уже не было.

14. Моя коллега была в отпуске на прошлой неделе, но сейчас она уже вернулась.

15. Сколько романов написал Достоевский?

16. Вы знакомы с семьей Джона? – Я знаком с его женой, но я не был знаком с его родителями. Когда мы начали работать вмести, их уже не было в живых.

17. Когда я вошел в комнату, там никого не было, но сильно пахло сигаретами. Кто-то курил.

18. Мы и 10 минут не погуляли, когда начался дождь.

19. Мы были друзьями, мы знали друг друга с детства.

20. Когда мы пришли в кинотеатр, там была длинная очередь, чтоб купить билеты.

21. Когда я вернулся домой, моя жена ждала меня и была сильно рассержена, потому что она ждала 2 часа, и мой мобильный был выключен все это время.

22. Вчера утром я попытался тебе дозвониться, но твой телефон не отвечал. – Вчера утром я спала и телефон был выключен.

23. Вчера вечером мы были на вечеринке у своих друзей. Мы очень устали, потому что дети очень шумели.

24. Когда я видел Габриэля в прошлом году, он работал в транспортной компании.

25. Мы раньше вместе работали.

26. Я вернулся домой поздно и был очень усталым. Поэтому я немного поел, принял душ и лег спать.

27. Мне нравится Чарли Чаплин. Он очень талантливый актер.

28. Когда мы приехали в аэропорт, чтобы встретить наших друзей, самолет уже сел.

29. Мальчишки разбили окно, когда играли в футбол.

30. Вчера, когда мы смотрели кино, она сказала мне, что фильм ей нравится.

Revision exercises

Choose the suitable word or phrase to complete each sentence:

1. Who exactly (does own this car/does this car belong to)?

2. I’d like to stay longer. But (I come/I’ve come) just for the weekend.

3. (I sell/I’m selling) this car. Do you want to buy it?

4. I ( am driving/have been driving) this car for 15 years.

5. I (lost/have lost) my keys.

6. I (didn’t eat/haven’t eaten) Chinese food before.

7. This is the first time Tony (is/has been) to Paris.

8. Peter (has offered/offered) me another drink but I decided I (drank/had drunk) enough.

9. I (didn’t use to be/hadn’t been) very keen on sports at the time.

10. By the time we got to Susan’s hotel, she (booked/had booked) out.

11. Diana (hasn’t been/didn’t use to be) as rude as that. (Now she is rude).

12. We chose the Hotel Rio because we (stayed/had stayed) there before.

13. Nobody (watched/was watching), so the little boy (took/was taking) the packet of sweets from the shelf and (put/has put) it in his pocket.

14. I (couldn’t understand/haven't been understanding) what (was going on/went on). Several people (were shouting/shouted) at me, and one was waving a newspaper in front of my face.

Translate into English:

1. В котором часу этот поезд прибывает сюда?

2. Фред всегда прерывает(interrupt) лектора!

3. Мне нравится здесь работать.

4. Я уже сто лет не плавала.

5. Мэри изучает английский язык в течение лет.

6. Поль сильно изменился.

7. Последний месяц я каждый день бегаю(jog) по утрам.

8. Сегодня утром я погладила пять сорочек.

9. Я проходил мимо твоего дома, поэтому я решил зайти(drop in).

10. Раньше я, бывало, часто ходил на выставки.

11. В последнее время я не встречал Елену.

12. Я сейчас читаю интересную книгу. Могу тебе одолжить, если хочешь.

13. Я тебя уже три часа жду!

14. Давид подумывает о том, чтобы найти новую работу.

15. Эта сумка весит 10 килограмм.

16. Позвони, пожалуйста позже. Мы взвешиваем ребенка сейчас.

17. Эта рыба ужасна на вкус!

18. Я только пробую этот суп.

19. Каждую неделю он, бывало, покупал маме букет цветов(a bunch of flowers).

20. Раньше я любил ковбойские фильмы.

21. Пока я разговаривала по телефону, Джимми исчез (escaped).

22. Я был уверен, что я хорошо справился(do well) с экзаменами.

Unit 3

Grammar Review

Future time

Future simple tense and be going to

Sometimes there’s little difference in meaning between will and be going to. It is often just a matter of formality. Will is generally more formal than be going to

Form:

statement: I/You/We/They/He/She/It will come

negative: I/You/We/They/He/She/It will not come

question: Will I/you/we/they/ he/she/it come?

Usage:

Use	Example
Facts about future	The website will come online next week.(more formal) The website is going to come online next week.(more informal)
Predictions	In future everyone will have their own flying car.(more formal) In future everyone is going have their own flying car.(more informal)
Decisions made at the moment of speaking	I’ve decided! I won’t go abroad this year.(emphasizing the decision) I’ve decided! I am not going abroad this year.(emphasizing the intention)

Sometimes it is more appropriate to use will rather than be going to

Usage:

Use	Example
Offers and suggestions	I’ll help you with your English, if you like.
Requests	Will you help me with my English?
Agreeing to do something	OK, I’ll talk to him when I see him.
Promising to do something	I won’t tell anyone what happened. I promise.

Attention! With offers and suggestions in the question form, we use shall with I we.

e.g. Shall I help you with your homework?

Sometimes it is more appropriate to use be going to rather than will

Usage:

Use	Example
Plans and intentions(which you already have at the moment of speaking)	I’m going to buy a new car.
Predictions made on present evidence	It’s going to be a very interesting journey!

See EGU, U20-23, pp.40-47

Present continuous tense expressing the future

Usage:

Use	Example
Arrangements made before the moment of speaking	Are you playing tennis on Saturday morning?

Present simple tense expressing the future

Usage:

Use	Example
Timetables, arrangements and fixed events (which the speaker cannot change)	The bus to the science museum leaves at 8 o’clock tomorrow morning.

See EGU,U19,pp.38-39

Future perfect tense

Form: will/will not have+past participle

Use	Example
Actions which will be completed before a certain point in the future	I’ll have prepared dinner by the time you come home.

Future continuous tense

Form: will/won’t be + ing-form

Usage:

Use	Example
Actions in progress at a certain point in future	This time next week, we’ll be lying on the beach.
Habits or repeated actions at a certain point in future	In the future we’ll be flying to work.

Future perfect continuous tense

Form: will/won’t have been+ ing-form

Usage:

Use	Example
Actions in progress up to a certain point in the future	In January I will have been working in this company for three years.

See EGU, U24,pp.48-49

Expressing future in clauses: the time clause, the conditional clause and the object clause

In time and conditional clauses we do not use will or be going to when we talk about the future (after time or conditional conjunctions). We use a present tense (present simple, present continuous or present perfect) to talk about the future.

In object clauses we do use will or be going to in order to express future. The difficulty arises when students mistake object clauses with conjunctions when, if, (whether) for time or conditional clauses.

e.g. He is not sure( sure of WHAT?) if(whether) he will be able to come to the meeting tomorrow.

He does not know(WHAT?) when he will come from his business trip.

They don’t know(WHAT?) if(whether) they will finish their project on time.

Put a question to a clause to avoid a mistake!

Time conjunctions	Examples
when	It’ll be wonderful(WHEN?) when scientists find/have found a cure for cancer.
as soon as	I will phone you(WHEN?) as soon as I arrive/have arrived home
before	Please, don’t forget to close the window(WHEN?) before you leave.
after	Let’s go for a pizza(WHEN?) after the lecture is over.
until/till	I’ll wait(UNTIL WHEN?) until you finish.
while	I will be watering their flowers(WHEN?) while they are on holiday.
once	We’ll stop for petrol(WHEN?) once we pass/we’ve passed Oxford.
Conditional conjunctions
if	If you are working till half past six, we’ll have dinner at about eight.
provided	Do what you like provided you don’t make any noise.
unless	Six month from now I’ll be at university unless I decide to take a gap year first.
in case	You’d better take a sweater with you in case it gets cold tonight.

See EGU, U25, pp.50-51

Question Patterns