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.pdfdrawing up/producing/working out/new conceptual approaches to (the problem of) ensuring equal rights and opportunities for men and women in conditions of/during/the transition to a market economy.
The concept which was approved/adopted/That/Something which
was approved/adopted in 1996, namely/I mean/that is/the concept for the improvement of the status of women became a document which laid the theoretical foundations/bases/and determined/defined the strategic goals for the activities of the government in implementing constitutional provisions regarding the equality of men and women in the Russian Federation.
The national plan of action adopted in August 1996 to improve the status of women and enhance their role in society by the year 2000 in turn has expanded and supplemented the provisions of the Concept through specific practical steps/actions/by state institutions to implement the goals/objectives it contains contained in it/its goals/objectives.
The economic transformations/changes in countries with transition economies have opened up new horizons/opportunities/for women, have provided new opportunities for self-fulfillment/self-rea- lization/and, on the other hand, the major burden/costs/of market reforms are impacting most of all/are most intensively felt/born/ experienced by women: there has been a rise/increase in female poverty, a growth of women's/female unemployment and a deterioration of women's health. We are concerned about the negative demographic processes: a drop/decline in the birth rate, low life expectancy indicators, high mortality figures for the population, especially of working age, and negative trends in reproductive health.
There has been a drop/decline in the level of female employment, and 60% of the unemployed are women/women account for 60% of the unemployed. In speaking of the moral state of society, we should take note of incidents/cases of harsh/brutal behavior/treatment/within the family and of violence against women.
The problem of unemployment, the problem of the status of women and many other social issues are global in nature/universal/ widespread. Mass and chronic unemployment also strikes/affects/ those who have found work. This is because/For/the threat of being fired/dismissed/downsized/let go/forces them to put up with/accept the arbitrary will/whims/of entrepreneurs. Thus, according to ILO data, entrepreneurs as a rule pay young workers (some) 40-50% of the salaries paid to adults for similar/such/identical/work.
Unemployment of a significant part of the younger generation is the root/primary/underlying/primary/major/cause/reason for/of many social ills/problems/issues. Deprived of the possibility to work, young
people begin to experience/feel/alienation/a feeling of alienation, that they are useless to society. And this ultimately/finally/in the last analysis leads to an increase in drug addiction, crime and prostitution.
Nor should we forget/And we should not forget/it should not be forgotten/there should be no forgetting that today the mass media have enormous potential for impacting on/influencing public opinion. This/is particularly true/makes itself particularly felt/today, when international relations are increasingly becoming a matter/subject/ affair/field not only for/professional diplomats but also for broad strata/ a wide range/of world public opinion, when glasnost and the availability of information are becoming a prerequisite/sine qua поп and a catalyst for the democratization of international life.
A specific result of work to improve the status of women are the measures undertaken to ensure/provide female employment. There has been/we have seen the adoption of a general tripartite agreement between the government, employers and trade unions, and of a program of support and development for small enterprises. Intensive/sophisticated /state of the art/advanced training is being carried out/conducted for workers who are in danger of/threatened with/vulnerable to/dismissal /downsizing, and there are programs for social adaptation of the unemployed. We have seen the organization of/There has been the organization of/professional retraining of unemployed women, and assistance is being rendered/given to help graduates of universities/ institutes of higher learning/university graduates/find jobs. Social assistance is now becoming carefully/specifically targeted.
The problems of the status of women are in fact/indeed/truly global/universal/in nature/are global/universal. Very important/of enormous significance/A major factor/for the successful implementation of the Beijing documents is the solidarity of women, and also close cooperation between governmental and public organizations/ institutions.
Thank you, Mr. Chairman.
This text is particularly rich in participial constructions, and provides good examples of how to deal with the syntactic problems which arise in these sentences. There are also a number of sentences with impersonal subjects which require some reworking.
Комментарии:
1) содержавшаяся... рекомендация — if the interpreter does not have a text, it will be difficult for him to wait until the noun рекомендация shows up before starting the sentence. As soon as you hear a participle as the first word of the sentence in this type of clause, you can say
"Something/that/which... was contained in the Platform of Action..." and then, when the noun finally appears — рекомендация — you can insert before it "that is/namely/I mean/I am referring to/the recommendation."
2) в кратчайшие сроки — the idea is "as soon as possible," "in the immediate future." Don't try to translate сроки as "time period" or "dates" — this will only complicate the sentence.
3)была положительно воспринята — get away from literal translation here: "positively" and "perceived" do not sound idiomatic. "Was approved by" is what is meant.
4)утвержденная... концепция — this is the same kind of participial construction as those described above. The participle and the noun it modifies are fairly close to each other, but the interpreter who does not want to wait for the noun can begin the sentence with "That which was adopted... namely, the Concept..."
5)принятый... национальный план действий — a similar construction, though here a literal translation would work: "Adopted in August 1996, the national plan of action to improve the status of women... has in turn expanded and supplemented..." "Action" here sounds better in the singular, as "plan of action" is an accepted cliche, though theoretically "plan of actions" would do.
6)по-новому реализовать себя — here some restructuring is in order. "Realizing oneself does not work. The idea is that of "opportunities for self-fulfillment." Changing the Russian verb into an English nominal construction creates an idiomatic sentence.
7)солидные издержки — "солидный" is often а "ложный друг пере водчика," since it frequently cannot be rendered as "solid." The idea is that of significant or important costs.
8)растет женская безработица, ухудшается здоровье женщин — this sentence requires syntactic reorganization. Starting the sentence with
"There has been a growth of female unemployment" is much smoother than trying to start off with the verb "растет" or with a present tense. The conjunction "and" then links the two clauses and leads to a logical ending for the sentence. Of course, the interpreter could also say "female unemployment is rising, women's health is deteriorating," but it requires quick thinking to reorder both clauses.
9)снизился уровень — this is similar to the above sentence, since starting with "There has been" allows the other components of the sentence to fall into place.
10)носят глобальный характер — the interpreter is well advised to forget about the verb носить, and to reword this as "the problems are widespread/global." "I n nature" can safely be omitted.
11)бьет и по тем — here too, the original verb needs some rephrasing. "Strikes" or "affects" can render the verb, or this can be reworded as
"mass and chronic unemployment is also a problem for those..."
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12)первопричиной многих социальных зол — "the root cause of many social ills" would do it, but the interpreter can simplify further:
"unemployment... underlies/explains/many social problems."
13)и не надо забывать о том... — it is not absolutely necessary to translate this и as "and." "Nor" gives emphasis to the idea and stresses the negative nuance.
14)конкретным результатом — this phrase should be translated as the nominative subject of the sentence. "Specific" is usually much more idiomatic in English than "concrete."
15)приняты — this is a tricky sentence, with a plural verbal form as the first word followed by a list. The plural should set off an alarm bell in the interpreter's head and prompt "There has been" or an attempt at rephrasing such as "We have seen the adoption of..." to clear the way for
•a listing of the measures adopted.
16)проводится опережающее обучение работников — here we have another orphaned verb wailing for a subject, which the interpreter must hastily supply. "There has been" or "We have seen" takes care of both parts of the sentence, as the interpreter can then skip "осуществляется:"
"there has been the organization of professional retraining of unemployed women and assistance to help graduates..." The sentence in English is also better off with the addition of a noun: "the organization/creation/ establishment of professional retraining" rather than simply "there has been professional retraining," though if necessary that will do.
17)организована — this requires the same type of inversion as the other past passive participles or reflexive verbs: "There has been/We have seen/the organization of..."
18)носят глобальный характер — this is the same expression encountered earlier; since it is at the end of the speech, a bit of emphasis can be added: "The problems of the status of women are indeed/in fact universal/global."
19)структур — these can be rendered as "organizations" or "institutions," since "structures" does not work, and "systems" is too restrictive for this context.
The Status of Women:
National Plans of Action (1998)
(Читается в нормальном темпе с индийским акцентом и в быстром — с британским акцентом)
Mr. Chairman,
What is» contained in the Platform of Action of the Beijing Conference, namely the recommendation to adopt as soon as possible national plans of action to improve the status of women, has the
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approval of the Russian Federation, where there already is a clear need to produce new conceptual approaches to ensuring equal rights and opportunities for men and women during the transition to a market economy.
Something which was adopted in 1996, that is, the concept for the improvement of the status of women, became a document which laid the theoretical foundations and defined the strategic goals for the activities of the government in implementing constitutional provisions regarding the equality of men and women in the Russian Federation.
The national plan of action adopted in August 1996 to improve the status of women and enhance their role in society by the year 2000 in turn has expanded and supplemented the provisions of the Concept through specific practical actions by state institutions to implement its objectives.
On the one hand, the economic transformations in countries with transition economies have opened up new horizons for women, have provided new opportunities for self-fulfillment, and on the other hand, the major costs of market reforms are most intensively felt by women: there has been a rise in female poverty, a growth of female unemployment and a deterioration of women's health. We are concerned about the negative demographic processes: a decline in the birth rate, low life expectancy indicators, high mortality figures for the population, especially of working age, and negative trends in reproductive health. There has been a drop in the level of female employment, and women account for 60% of the unemployed. In speaking of the moral state of society, we should take note of cases of brutal behavior within the family and of violence against women.
The problem of unemployment, the problem of the status of women and many other social issues are widespread. Mass and chronic unemployment also strikes those who have found work. This is because the threat of being downsized forces them to put up with the arbitrary will of entrepreneurs. Thus, according to ILO data, entrepreneurs as a rule pay young workers some 40-50% of the salaries paid to adults for such work.
Unemployment of a significant part of the younger generation is the root cause of many social problems. Deprived of the possibility to work, young people begin to experience alienation, a feeling that they are useless to society. And this ultimately leads to an increase in drug addiction, crime and prostitution.
Nor should we forget that today the mass media have enormous potential for influencing public opinion. This is particularly true today, when international relations are increasingly becoming a field
not only for professional diplomats but also for broad strata of world public opinion, when glasnost and the availability of information are becoming a sine qua поп and a catalyst for the democratization of international life.
A specific result of work to improve the status of women are the measures undertaken to provide female employment. We have seen the adoption of a general tripartite agreement between the government, employers and trade unions, and of a program of support and development for small enterprises. Advanced training is being conducted for workers who are vulnerable to dismissal, and there are programs for social adaptation of the unemployed. There has been the organization of professional retraining of unemployed women, and assistance is being given to help university graduates find jobs. Social assistance is now becoming carefully targeted.
The problems of the status of women are indeed universal in nature. A major factor for the successful implementation of the Beijing documents is the solidarity of women, and also close cooperation between governmental and public organizations.
Thank you, Mr. Chairman.
Текст18
О развитии женского малого и среднего бизнеса в Казахстане (ООН, 1997)
Уважаемая госпожа Председатель!
Численность женщин в республике составляет 8,5 млн. человек, или 51,38% от всего населения. В целом по народному хозяйству уровень занятости женщин на 1.01.96 составил 49%. Следует отметить, что занятость женщин в республике Казахстан характеризуется относительно высоким уровнем по сравнению с другими странами азиатского региона.
Отличительной чертой женской занятости в республике является то, что основная часть работающих женщин сосредоточена в образовании, здравоохранении, торговле, социальном обеспечении. В органы государственной службы занятости из числа обратившихся женщины составили 50,5%. Состав безработных женщин характеризуется преобладанием в их среде работниц со стажем трудовой деятельности, ранее занятых на рабочих местах, имеющих среднее образование, находящихся в наиболее трудоспособном возрасте.
Среди женщин, получивших официальный статус безработного, 45% проживают в сельской местности. Средняя продолжительность безработицы у женщин составляет 5 месяцев. Министерство труда, Государственная служба занятости принимают меры по содействию трудоустройству безработных женщин. В утверждаемую ежегодно Правительством Республиканскую программу содействия занятости населения включен специальный раздел «Занятость женщин», предусматривающий использование активных мер по ее обеспечению. Одним из действенных средств помощи в трудоустройстве малоконкурентных на рынке труда групп, к числу которых относятся женщины, остается квотирование рабочих мест, при посредстве которого ежегодно трудоустраивается пятая часть безработных, получивших рабочие места. Особое внимание уделяется профессиональной подготовке,
переподготовке и повышению квалификации безработных женщин,
что является наиболее действенной формой социальной защиты, оказываемой службой занятости Республики за счет средств Государственного фонда содействия занятости.
В современных условиях особую роль приобретает развитие женского малого и среднего бизнеса.
Участие женщин в предпринимательстве — это необходи-
мость, вызванная условиями рынка, и своеобразная альтернатива безработице, бесплатному домашнему и малооплачиваемому труду в государственном секторе.
Возможность участия женщин в предпринимательстве обусловлена также их достаточно высоким уровнем образования, необходимостью развития сфер услуг кустарного производства, национальных народных промыслов, где женщина имеет опыт и навыки в этой работе.
Развитие бизнеса женщин — позитивный фактор во многих аспектах, так как предпринимательская деятельность, наряду с другими, является одним из лучших способов самовыражения личности, реализации ее потенциала. Она также формирует в человеке чувство достоинства и уверенности в себе.
Чтобы участие казахстанок в малом и среднем бизнесе стало в будущем успешным и плодотворным, необходима работа как минимум на двух уровнях. На государственном уровне следует организовать целенаправленную правовую, экономическую и финансовую поддержку предпринимательству женщин. Делаться это должно вовсе не с целью предоставления им какихто поблажек или необоснованных льгот по половому признаку, а с расчетом выравнивания стартовых условий деловых или
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коммерческих инициатив мужчин и женщин. Параллельно с этим необходимо подкрепить весь комплекс экономико-правовых мер
кропотливой и деликатной работой на персональном уровне.
Вместе с тем трудно признать за женским предпринимательством какой-либо социальный статус, пока нет единой программы женского предпринимательства, нет ни одного указа или законодательного акта по женскому предпринимательству.
Особый статус, оправданный в социальном, экономическом и морально-психологическом плане, женское предпринимательство принимает, на наш взгляд, только в рамках общественного движения, которое сегодня у нас в Республике получает особое признание. Ибо, занимаясь предпринимательством вынужденно или сознательно, женщина прежде всего защищает свои интересы как полноправного гражданина своего общества. Таким образом, перспектива развития женского предпринимательства, вопервых, лежит в плоскости развития женского движения, вовторых, в государственно-правовой поддержке женского предпринимательства.
Сложившаяся в настоящее время экономическая ситуация
благоприятна для ряда быстрых решений, подкрепленных необходимыми ресурсами. Это позволит в течение ближайших лет обеспечить быстрое становление малого и среднего бизнеса, что особенно важно в настоящее время.
Особое место в нашей Конвенции занимает раздел содействия обеспечению равных прав и равного обращения на рынке труда. Раздел концепции предусматривает разработку республиканских и региональных программ развития малого и семейного бизнеса, экономического стимулирования в виде временного освобождения от налогов, льготного кредитования, укрепления системы профессионального обучения, постоянной тендерной
экспертизы правовых норм, государственной поддержки научных разработок в области тендерных исследований, осуществления по-
стоянного мониторинга положения женщин на рынке труда, разработку критериев оценки влияния экологических факторов и условий труда на здоровье женщин, создание условий для обеспечения занятости женщин.
Такая целенаправленная работа позволит успешно реализовать международные акты по улучшению положения женщин.
* * *
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Madam(e) Chairman/Chairwoman/Chair,
In our country/republic/there are 8.5 million women/women (who) number/account for 8.5 million people/or/that is, 51.38 per cent of the total population. In all/all told as of January I, 1996, 49% of the women were employed (in the economy). It should be noted/ recalled/remembered/that the employment rate for/the number of women employed/holding jobs/in the Republic of Kazakhstan is relatively high/at a relatively high level in comparison with other countries of the Asian region.
A distinguishing feature/characteristic of women's/female/ employment/What characterizes women's employment in the republic/is the fact that most/the bulk/of working women are concentrated/clustered/found/in education, health care, commerce/ trade and social services. In government employment centers women accounted for 50.5% of the applicants. Unemployed women/The cohort of unemployed women for the most part/primarily have work experience, have previously held jobs, have a high-school/secondary education, and are in their prime working years/of prime working age.
Among/of/those women officially designated/categorized as unemployed, 45% live in rural areas/villages. On the average/ The average length of their unemployment is five months. The Ministry of Labor and the state employment service are taking steps/ measures/action to help/assist/render assistance to/unemployed women in finding jobs. The government's job assistance program/The employment program of the government of the republic, which is approved/revalidated annually, includes a special section/division, "Employment of Women," which provides for/calling for active measures to implement it/carry it out/proactive measures. One effective way to help disadvantaged groups/groups poorly equipped/ groups at a competitive disadvantage to find jobs is still the use of/the assigning of/job quotas. In this way every year/annually/one-fifth of the unemployed are placed/find jobs. Special/particular attention is given/paid to professional/vocational training, retraining and enhancement/advancement/upgrading of the skills/qualifications of unemployed women, and this is/which is the most effective form of social assistance/protection/social safety net/provided by the state/ republic employment service, financed by the State fund for assistance to employment.
In today's/present/current/conditions/circumstances/the development of women's small and medium-size/scale business/enterprises is acquiring/taking on/special significance/playing a significant role.
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Women's participation/involvement in business/enterprise is a necessity/is a need/caused by/due to/resulting from/market conditions, and is a kind/type/of alternative to unemployment, unpaid domestic or poorly paid work in the state sector.
Women's opportunities/potential/possibilities for participation in business/enterprises is/are also determined by/stem from/are linked to/is a function of/their rather high educational level, the need for the development of the service sphere of the cottage industry/ handicrafts/and traditional national handicrafts, areas in which women have experience and skills.
The development of women's enterprises/women's role in business is a positive factor in many respects, since entrepreneurial activity, inter alia, is one of the best forms for self-expression/self- realization and realizing one's potential/self-fulfillment. It also builds/ develops/a sense of dignity and self-confidence/self-assurance.
For/If/the participation of Kazakhstan women in medium-scale enterprise is/is to be successful (and fruitful), work is needed/action must be taken/on at least two levels. The state, for its part, must organize focused/targeted/concentrated/legal, economic and financial assistance to women's enterprises. This must be done/This is necessary not to do them any special favors/consideration/coddle them or provide unwarranted benefits/advantages for reasons of gender, but to equalize/place on an equal footing the starting/ initial/start-up conditions for business or commercial initiatives by/of men and women. At the same time/In parallel/In tandem/ Simultaneously there is a need to strengthen/buttress/reinforce the entire range of economic and legal measures through painstaking and carefully/deftly handled/sensitive work on the individual level/with individuals.
At the same time, it is difficult for women's entrepreneurial activities to achieve/attain/win/gain any kind of social status as long as there is no single program for the development of female entrepreneurship, nor any directive/edict or legislative act/instrument to deal with/address it.
A special status, justified on social, economic and moralpsychological grounds, is something women entrepreneurs acquire/ enjoy, in our view, only within the framework/context of a social/ popular movement, which today is gaining/winning recognition/is particularly/increasingly acknowledged in our country. For/Thus/The fact is/by becoming involved in business/enterprises by necessity or by choice/voluntarily or not, women are above all/primarily/first and foremost protecting their own interests as full-fledged citizens of their society. Thus, the prospects for expanding/developing women's role in business/enterprises are, first of all, to be found/hinge on/depend on/are
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