Chris_Mi_handout

Parallel Hybrid Configuration

Operation Modes:

. Motor Alone

. Combined

. Electric CVT

. Regenerative Braking

Advantage: Compact, Simple Structure, Optimized Engine performance

Disadvantage: Two Motors, No engine direct mode, double energy conversion

GM Hybrid Configuration_DCT AMT

Based

Solid Shaft

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Where the Future Holds

Great minds for a great future!

Pros and Cons

•Generally increases MPG

•People like hybrids

•Engine will be on all the time when heat or air conditioning is needed – MPG will be much lower

–The hybrids fell as much as 40 percent below the EPA mileage figures for combined city and highway driving during a recent test, which covered a mix of Detroit-area roads. Detroit Free

Press, TOP STORIES, Thursday, February 03, 2005

http://www.freep.com/avantgo_detroit/stories/phelan3e_20050203_2.htm

• Benefits may not pay back the cost increase

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Toyota, Shell and JR Tokai Bus Launch World’s First Trial of GTL-Fueled Diesel Hybrid Bus

August 10, 2005

•A group of partners in Japan have launched the first trial of a diesel-hybrid bus fueled with synthetic Gas-to-Liquids

(GTL) diesel. The bus, which will operate for two months, will carry visitors to the 2005 World Exposition at Aichi, as

well as commuters in Seto City and Kasugai City.

Source: http://www.greencarcongress.com/hybrids/

The Future of HEV and Opportunities

•More efficient diesel hybrids

•Plug in hybrids

•Fuel cell and plug in vehicles

•Powering your house/business with your fuel cell/hybrid cars

•And more

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4.5Million by 2013?

•The Cleveland market research firm Freedonia Group

Inc. said recently that the worldwide market for light hybrids is forecast to advance rapidly, reaching 4.5 million units in 2013. They're expected to reach 6 percent of total vehicles that year, due to rising energy costs and increased emissions regulations. That should help cut the current cost disparities between hybrids and conventional vehicles, currently $600 to $4,000 per

vehicle, the study said. – Matt Roush, The Great Lakes IT Report.

Honda

•Honda forecasts surge in U.S. hybrid sales: AutoBeat Daily reported Monday that Honda Motor Co. expects the new hybrid version of its core Accord sedan to push its hybrid vehicle sales above 45,000 in the U.S. next year. Honda expects to sell about 20,000 hybrid Accords and a combined 25,000 more of its hybrid Insight and Civic cars in the U.S. next year. The company is aiming the hybrid Accord, which debuts in December, at customers who are affluent, middle-aged and well educated. Priced at about $30,000, the car will be about $3,500 costlier but more powerful and fuel efficient than a conventional high-end Accord. Honda says the hybrid Accord will be rated at 30 mpg in the city and 37 mpg on the highway vs. 21/31

mpg for a conventional model with V-6 engine. –

Lakes IT Report, October 12, 2004

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GM

•GM to build Malibu 'mild hybrid' in Kansas City: Speaking of hybrids, AutoTech Daily reported that General Motors Corp. says it will build the previously announced Chevrolet Malibu with an integrated starter-alternator at its Fairfax plant in Kansas City starting in 2007. The facility currently makes the traditionally powered Malibu and Malibu Maxx. The Malilbu's mild-hybrid system operates at speeds of less than 6 mph. Under those conditions, an electrohydraulic starteralternator takes over for the Malibu's 2.4- liter four-cylinder engine. It also will power accessories when the vehicle is stopped in traffic. The system is expected to yield a 10 to

15 percent gain in fuel efficiency vs. a standard Malibu.

The Great Lakes IT Report, October 12, 2004

Energy Department and USCAR Invest

$195 Million

•To Help Develop Energy-Efficient Vehicles

•To develop advanced high-performance batteries for electric, hybrid electric and fuel cell vehicle applications $125M

•To develop lightweight, high-strength materials that increase fuel efficiency through a reduction of vehicle weight $70M

Source: www.doe.gov

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Toyota Initiatives

•Toyota is going to build more hybrid models in Japan

•Build Camry HEV in the US

•Plan to build a HEV plant in China

Toyota to Launch 10 hybrids

•Ten new hybrids on tap for Toyota: Toyota Motor Corp. is developing 10 gasoline-electric hybrid vehicles to launch worldwide within the next four or five years, Jim Press, who heads the automaker's U.S. sales operations, told AutoTech Daily. Not all of the vehicles will necessarily be sold in the U.S., but Press expects hybrids to eventually account for 25 percent of Toyota's U.S. sales. The automaker previously targeted sales of 1 million hybrids worldwide by 2010. The list of new hybrids being developed includes previously announced gasoline-electric versions of the Lexus GS and Toyota Camry due next year. Toyota's current hybrid lineup in the U.S. includes the Prius and recently introduced Highlander and Lexus RH 400 SUVs. A hybrid pickup likely will be one of the new models, Press says, noting that a gasoline-electric version of the Tundra is being studied. In such large vehicles, he adds, consumers may be able to choose between optimizing fuel economy and increasing power by flipping a switch. Press envisions overall demand in the U.S. for hybrids to continue to grow in coming years, with the potential for such vehicles to account for up to 15 percent of the total market by the start of the next decade. Hybrid sales totaled just over 83,000 vehicles last year in the U.S., led by the Prius with nearly 54,000 new registrations. Matt Roush – The Michigan Energy Report, August 31, 2005

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GM, DCX to Develop Gasoline-Electric Hybrid System

•General Motors Corp. and DaimlerChrysler AG will jointly develop a gasoline-electric power system to catch Toyota Motor Corp. and Honda Motor Co. in the technology that saves fuel and cuts tailpipe emissions, said people familiar with the plans. 12/24/2004

http://www.freep.com/money/autonews/hybrid13e_20041 213.htm

BMW to join GM/DCX Hybrid CoOperative

•Three weeks after GM and DaimlerChrysler finalized their agreement on Aug. 22 to cooperate on the design of hybrid gas-electric powertrains, BMW signed on to the program as an equal partner in the venture.

•The three companies will share development costs for at least two hybrid power plants, including one for trucks and SUVs designed by GM, with the second for luxury vehicles.

http://www.theglobeandmail.com

September 15, 2005

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Ford, Honda Unveil Latest Hybrids

•Three major automakers unveiled their latest hybrid cars and technology at an environmental conference, promoting their most fuel efficient vehicles as gas prices soar in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina.

•Ford Motor Co., Honda Motor Co. and Toyota Motor Corp. brought their hybrid vehicles

•The latest hybrid sports utility vehicle - the 2006 Mercury

Mariner Hybrid. The compact, four-wheel-drive SUV can get 33 miles per gallon in the city and 29 miles per gallon on highways.

•Honda unveiled its latest hybrid offering - the 2006 Civic

Hybrid, which can get 50 miles per gallon on highways and city streets.

The Great Lakes IT Report 9/12/2005

Toyota Could Go All-Hybrid

•Toyota Motor Corp. says all its vehicles will one day be hybridpowered, according to a Bloomberg News report cited by AutoBeat Daily. The news service attributes the claim to Kazuo Okamoto, Toyota's executive vice president for research and development and design, who didn't offer a timetable for such an ambitious goal. Earlier this year Jim Press, Toyota's top U.S. executive, predicted that virtually all cars sold in America would have a hybrid powertrain of some sort by 2045.

•Toyota expects to sell about 250,000 hybrids this year, or roughly 3 percent of its total current unit volume. It aims to produce up to 400,000 hybrids next year and has said it expects hybrids to reach 1 million annual sales by about the beginning of the next decade.

The Great Lakes IT Report 9/15/2005

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Reference Books

•Chan, Chau, “Modern Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Technology,” Oxford, 2001

•Husain, “Electrical and Hybrid Vehicles – Design Fundamentals,” CRC Press, 2003

•Larminie, Lowry, “Electric Vehicle Technology Explained,” Wiley, 2003

•Miller, “Propulsion Systems for Hybrid Vehicles,” IEE, 2004

•Brant, “Building Your Own Electric Vehicle,” McGraw-Hill, 1994

•Wakefied, Ernest H, “The History of the Electric Automobile: Battery-only Powered Cars,” SAE 1994

•Wakefied, Ernest H, “The History of the Electric Automobile, Hybrid Electric Vehicles,” SAE 1998

Useful Websites

•http://www.greencarcongress.com/hybrids/

•http://www.hevprogress.com/

•http://www.autofacts.com

•http://www.toyota.com

•http://www.honda.com

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National, State and Regional

Government Programs

•FreedomCAR (U.S. Office of Advanced Automotive

Technologies):

http://www.eere.energy.gov/vehiclesandfuels/

•Hybrid Electric Vehicle Program (U.S. Department of

Energy):

http://www.ott.doe.gov/hev/

•Hydrogen, Fuel Cells & Infrastructure Technologies Program (U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy

Efficiency and Renewable Energy http://www.eere.energy.gov/hydrogenandfuelcells/

Summary

•EV/HEVs have been in existence since the last century

–Issues concerning cost and driving range have limited the use of EVs

–More stringent fuel economy requirements and environmental concerns have pushed the development and acceptance of HEVs

•Architectures of HEVs include parallel, series, and complex configurations

•Various HEVs have been developed and made available to the general public.

•Diesel vehicles are competing with HEVs, but diesel

HEVs may be a better choice

•HEVs are likely to dominate the auto industry for the next 10 years to come

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