- •Iноземною мовою
- •1. Read, translate (into Ukrainian) and retell (in English) the text.
- •Introduction Letters
- •7 Tips for writing an effective introduction letter to introduce
- •7 Tips for writing a letter to introduce another individual:
- •8 Tips for introducing a company, organization, product, or service:
- •1. Read, translate (into Ukrainian) and retell (in English) the text.
- •Introductions (by Christopher j. Brunner)
- •7 Tips for introducing a new product or service to an established
- •2. Make 5 questions to the text and answer them.
- •3. Translate into English.
- •2. Make 5 questions to the text and answer them.
- •3. Translate into English.
- •1. Read, translate (into Ukrainian) and retell (in English) the text.
- •2. Make 5 questions to the text and answer them.
- •3. Translate into English.
- •1. Read, translate (into Ukrainian) and retell (in English) the text.
- •1. Speak slowly and clearly
- •2. Make sure you understand the other speaker
- •3. Practise with a friend
- •4. Use businesses and recordings
- •5. Learn telephone etiquette (manners)
- •6. Practise dates and numbers
- •2. Make 5 questions to the text and answer them.
- •3. Translate into English.
- •1. Read, translate (into Ukrainian) and retell (in English) the text.
- •Vary your approach
- •2. Make 5 questions to the text and answer them.
- •3. Translate into English.
- •1. Read, translate (into Ukrainian) and retell (in English) the text.
- •2. Make 5 questions to the text and answer them.
- •3. Translate into English.
- •1. Read, translate (into Ukrainian) and retell (in English) the text.
- •2. Make 5 questions to the text and answer them.
- •3. Translate into English.
- •1. Read, translate (into Ukrainian) and retell (in English) the text.
- •2. Make 5 questions to the text and answer them.
- •3. Translate into English.
- •1. Read, translate (into Ukrainian) and retell (in English) the text.
- •2. Make 5 questions to the text and answer them.
- •3. Translate into English.
- •1. Read, translate (into Ukrainian) and retell (in English) the text.
- •2. Make 5 questions to the text and answer them.
- •3. Translate into English.
- •1. Read, translate (into Ukrainian) and retell (in English) the text.
- •2. Make 5 questions to the text and answer them.
- •3. Translate into English.
- •1. Read, translate (into Ukrainian) and retell (in English) the text.
- •2. Make 5 questions to the text and answer them.
- •3. Translate into English.
- •1. Read, translate (into Ukrainian) and retell (in English) the text.
- •2. Make 5 questions to the text and answer them.
- •3. Translate into English.
- •1. Read, translate (into Ukrainian) and retell (in English) the text.
- •2. Make 5 questions to the text and answer them.
- •3. Translate into English.
- •1. Read, translate (into Ukrainian) and retell (in English) the text.
- •Import and export
- •2. Make 5 questions to the text and answer them.
- •3. Translate into English.
- •1. Read, translate (into Ukrainian) and retell (in English) the text.
- •2. Make 5 questions to the text and answer them.
- •3. Translate into English.
- •1. Read, translate (into Ukrainian) and retell (in English) the text.
- •Interna tional business
- •2. Make 5 questions to the text and answer them.
- •3. Translate into English.
- •1. Read, translate (into Ukrainian) and retell (in English) the text.
- •2. Make 5 questions to the text and answer them.
- •3. Translate into English.
- •1. Read, translate (into Ukrainian) and retell (in English) the text.
- •Inter nati onal tr ade
- •2. Make 5 questions to the text and answer them.
- •3. Translate into English.
- •1. Read, translate (into Ukrainian) and retell (in English) the text.
- •2. Make 5 questions to the text and answer them.
- •3. Translate into English.
- •1. Read, translate (into Ukrainian) and retell (in English) the text.
- •2. Make 5 questions to the text and answer them.
- •3. Translate into English.
- •1. Read, translate (into Ukrainian) and retell (in English) the text.
- •2. Make 5 questions to the text and answer them.
- •3. Translate into English.
- •1. Read, translate (into Ukrainian) and retell (in English) the text.
- •2. Make 5 questions to the text and answer them.
- •3. Translate into English.
- •1. Read, translate (into Ukrainian) and retell (in English) the text.
- •2. Make 5 questions to the text and answer them.
- •3. Translate into English.
- •1. Read, translate (into Ukrainian) and retell (in English) the text.
- •2. Make 5 questions to the text and answer them.
- •3. Translate into English.
- •1. Read, translate (into Ukrainian) and retell (in English) the text.
- •2. Make 5 questions to the text and answer them.
- •3. Translate into English.
- •1. Read, translate (into Ukrainian) and retell (in English) the text.
- •2. Make 5 questions to the text and answer them.
- •3. Translate into English.
- •1. Read, translate (into Ukrainian) and retell (in English) the text.
- •2. Make 5 questions to the text and answer them.
- •3. Translate into English.
- •1. Read, translate (into Ukrainian) and retell (in English) the text.
- •2. Make 5 questions to the text and answer them.
- •3. Translate into English.
- •1. Read, translate (into Ukrainian) and retell (in English) the text.
- •2. Make 5 questions to the text and answer them.
- •3. Translate into English.
- •1. Read, translate (into Ukrainian) and retell (in English) the text.
- •Ins uran ce
- •2. Make 5 questions to the text and answer them.
- •3. Translate into English.
- •1. Read, translate (into Ukrainian) and retell (in English) the text.
- •2. Make 5 questions to the text and answer them.
- •3. Translate into English.
- •1. Read, translate (into Ukrainian) and retell (in English) the text.
- •2. Make 5 questions to the text and answer them.
- •3. Translate into English.
- •1. Read, translate (into Ukrainian) and retell (in English) the text.
- •2. Make 5 questions to the text and answer them.
- •3. Translate into English.
- •1. Read, translate (into Ukrainian) and retell (in English) the text.
- •2. Make 5 questions to the text and answer them.
- •3. Translate into English.
2. Make 5 questions to the text and answer them.
3. Translate into English.
1. Обов’язковою умовою сталого виробничого процесу є своєчас-
не і повне забезпечення його необхідними матеріальними ресурсами.
2. Цими питаннями на підприємстві займається спеціальний підроз-
діл — відділ матеріально-технічного постачання, складські й транспор-
тні служби. 3. Особливу увагу приділяють цьому плановий і технічний
відділи, головні адміністратори підприємства. 4. Мережа, через яку
здійснюється розподіл матеріального потоку, є значущим елементом
логістичної системи. 5. Побудова мережі розподільчих центрів суттє-
во впливає на витрати, які виникають у процесі доведення товарів до
споживачів, а через них і на кінцеву вартість реалізованого продукту.
6. Розподільчий центр — це складський комплекс, який отримує това-
ри від підприємств-виробників або від підприємств оптової торгівлі
(наприклад, які знаходяться в інших регіонах країни або за кордоном)
і розподіляє їх дрібнішими партіями замовникам (підприємствам
дрібнооптової та роздрібної торгівлі) через свою або їх товаропровід-
ну мережу. 7. За традиційною класифікацією, розробленою Едгаром
Гувером, існує три принципові стратегії розташування розподільчих
складів: поблизу від ринків збуту, поблизу від виробництва або про-
міжне розташування. 8. Доставка (рос. доставка, англ. delivery, нім.
lieferung f) — переміщення на місце призначення матеріалів, машин
і механізмів, різних вантажів. 9. Транспорт — сукупність засобів,
призначених для переміщення людей, вантажів, сигналів і інформації
з одного місця в інше. 10. Термін “транспорт” походить від лат. транс
(“через”) и portare (“нести”). 11. Поняття транспорту містить у собі
кілька аспектів: інфраструктуру, транспортні засоби і керування.
Task 25
1. Read, translate (into Ukrainian) and retell (in English) the text.
ORGAN IZATION
An organization (or organisation — see spelling differences) is a
social arrangement which pursues collective goals, which controls its own
performance, and which has a boundary separating it from its environment.
The word itself is derived from the Greek word ργανον (organon) meaning
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tool. The term is used in both daily and scientific English in multiple
ways.
In the social sciences, organizations are studied by researchers
from several disciplines, the most common of which are sociology,
economics, political science, psychology, management, and organizational
communication. The broad area is commonly referred to as organizational
studies, organizational behavior or organization analysis. Therefore, a
number of different theories and perspectives exist, some of which are
compatible, and others that are competing.
• Organization — process-related: an entity is being (re-)organized
(organization as task or action).
• Organization — functional: organization as a function of how
entities like businesses or state authorities are used (organization as
a permanent structure).
• Organization — institutional: an entity is an organization
(organization as an actual purposeful structure within a social
context)
An organization is defined by the elements that are part of it (who
belongs to the organization and who does not?), its communication (which
elements communicate and how do they communicate?), its autonomy
(Max Weber termed autonomy in this context: Autokephalie)(which
changes are executed autonomously by the organization or its elements?)
and its rules of action compared to outside events (what causes an
organization to act as a collective actor?).
By coordinated and planned cooperation of the elements, the
organization is able to solve tasks that lie beyond the abilities of the single
elements. The price paid by the elements is the limitation of the degrees
of freedom of the elements. Advantages of organizations are enhancement
(more of the same), addition (combination of different features), and
extension. Disadvantages can be inertness (through co-ordination) and
loss of interaction.
