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6.A clause in the agreement provides that you shall bear the cost of all repairs to the building.
7.They deal with general inquiries, and also provide free legal advice.
8.Free parking is provided for hotel guests.
9.You may remain provided you keep silent.
10.I shall give you my dictionary provided that you return it tomorrow.
11.We made certain provisions against theft.
12.Он предоставил все необходимые сведения.
13.Я не знаю, кто должен предоставить им жилье.
14.Приказ предусматривал создание нового отдела.
15.Закон должен предусматривать возможные нарушения.
16.Агентство предоставляет гражданам все виды юридической помощи.
17.Мой отец снабдил меня деньгами для путешествия.
18.Этот пункт соглашения предусматривает обязанности сторон. 19) По закону работодатель должен обеспечить безопасные условия для работы.
LESSON 5
A. GRAMMAR REVISION
A1. Choose and underline the correct item. Muslim law.
The Koran is the basic/ basis/ bases of Islamic law, the sharia. All/ all of/ everything activity of the Muslim built/ is built/ will be built into the framework of the sharia, which discusses the believer’s/ believers/ believers’ duties to/ toward/ of God and his fellow beings.
The sharia must/ can/ should be described as “the entirety* of Divine commands concern/ concerned/ concerning human actions”, from/ for/ while God is a/ the/- sole lawgiver. Muslims soon felt that it is/ was/ will be impossible to fulfill all the requirements of the sharia. But to deny the validity* of the sharia is not permit/ permitted/ permission.
Forming the practical aspect of Muhammad’s religious teaching, the sharia transmitted/ has transmitted/ has been transmitted across/ through/ during the centuries from generation to generation. The juridical part of the sharia codified/ is codified/ was codified for the first time in the Ottoman Empire in/ at/ on 1869. In the juridical parts of the sharia a high/ higher/ highly complex law of inheritance* attracts/ attracting/ is attracted the scholar’s attention. In contrast of/ to/ with ancient Arabian
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practices, according with/ to/ by which only male* relatives could inherit, Islam gave women certain rights, therefore/ nevertheless/ although daughters receive a small/ smaller/ smallest part than sons.
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*entirety – полнота, цельность validity – действительность inheritance – наследование male - мужской
B. VOCABULARY REVISION
B1. Complete the sentences with the suitable words from the box:
Obedient; compulsory; substantial; rival; immanent; unjust; profound; influential; secure; legal
1)He is probably the most __________ member of the finance committee.
2)They are very _________ workers and always do what they are told to.
3)You should have taken _________ advice before signing the contract.
4)Military service is still _________ in many countries of the world.
5)She wanted a job with a more ________ future.
6)Don’t confuse ________ with imminent which means happening really soon, or with eminent which means well known.
7)Each paragraph of your composition should have at least three
________ facts to support your thesis.
8)It is ________ that our side of the story was never heard.
9)There is a strong competition between ________ companies CocaCola and Pepsi-Cola.
10)He takes a _________ interest in financial standing of his son’s company.
B2. Match the words in the box with their definitions.
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25 |
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1. |
a structure for supporting something; or a set |
a) |
arrangement |
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b) |
compulsion |
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of principles or rules; |
c) |
notion |
2. |
aids, circumstances which make it easy to do |
d) |
restriction |
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things; also places or services that are |
e) |
restitution |
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provided to people; |
f) |
influence |
3. |
an agreement or plan that you make with |
g) |
sovereign |
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someone else; |
h) |
threat |
4. |
something that limits what you can do; |
i) |
facilities |
5. |
an obligation to do something; |
j) |
conduct |
6. |
the way someone behaves; |
k) |
framework |
7. |
something that is regarded as a possible |
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|
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danger; |
8.an idea, opinion;
9.a ruler, usually a king or queen;
10.the effect that a person or thing has on someone (or something) else;
11.the act of restoring something to the rightful owner.
B3. Which verb do the following sentences define?
1. |
To provide a short conclusion of the most important facts of something |
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a) define |
b) provide |
c) summarize |
2. |
To give someone the ability or opportunity to do something |
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a) forbid |
b) enable |
c) codify |
3. |
To be very successful; also to grow well and be healthy |
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a) lay down |
b) flourish |
c) argue |
4. |
To deliberately not pay attention or break a rule, an order |
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a) restrict |
b) compel |
c) disobey |
5. |
To support a person, organization or a plan |
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a) require |
b) underlie |
c) back |
6. |
To tell someone to do something in a way that shows that you have |
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authority |
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a) prosecute |
b) order |
c) correspond |
7. |
To make people obey a law, a rule, etc. |
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a) enforce |
b) enact |
c) set forth |
8. |
To state that something is true |
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a) assert |
b) threaten |
c) describe |
9. |
To do something unpleasant to someone because they have done |
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something bad or illegal |
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a) impose |
b) obey c) punish |
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10. To end an argument or legal disagreement |
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a) behave |
b) settle |
c) carry out |
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B4. Study the following expressions, find the Russian equivalents for them. Translate the sentences using them:
according to the law |
against the law |
the letter of the law |
force of the law |
by law |
in the name of the law |
the spirit of the law |
law in force |
within the law |
in the eyes of the law |
the law says |
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1.Не беспокойся о контрактах, все абсолютно в рамках закона.
2.По закону необходимо использовать ремни безопасности в автомобиле.
3.Закон гласит, что каждый гражданин имеет право на юридическую помощь (legal assistance).
4.В глазах закона ваши действия будут рассматриваться как неправомерные.
5.Через два дня это постановление (resolution) будет иметь законную силу.
6.Их предложение противоречит (to contradict) духу закона.
7.Я не позволяю себе отступать от буквы закона.
8.Именем закона, откройте дверь!
9.Нарушать порядок в общественных местах противозаконно.
10.Закон об охоте является действующим на этой территории.
B5*. Work in pairs. There are the main meanings of the word ORDER. Read the examples and try to match them with the proper meaning.
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examples |
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meanings |
1) |
chronological order ; the order |
a) |
permission |
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of the seasons; |
b) |
the state, working condition |
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to change the natural order of |
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of a thing; |
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events; |
c) |
a command, instruction given |
2) |
the machine is in good working |
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by authority; |
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order; |
d) |
logical sequence, |
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the car got out of order; |
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arrangement, way in which |
3) |
the army restored public order; |
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things are placed; |
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to maintain peace and order; |
e) |
rules accepted at a public |
4) |
one point of order; the |
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meeting; |
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discussion is out of order; |
f) |
request to supply goods, also |
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sessional orders ; |
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an amount of goods; |
5) |
to give orders; oral order; |
g) |
group of people belonging to |
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doctor’s order; |
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a special class; |
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6) |
the order of baronets; all orders |
h) |
obedience to law, rules, |
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and degrees of men; |
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authority; |
7) |
Masonic order; the Order of |
i) |
sign, award, badge worn by |
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Knights Tamplers; |
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people; |
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monastic order; |
j) |
customary procedure; |
8) |
be awarded the order of Merit; |
k) |
degree, rank, level |
9) |
large order for shoes; to take an |
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|
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order for paper; |
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10) |
to call a meeting to order; |
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|
11) |
an order to view a house; |
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admission by order |
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C. TRANSLATION
C1. Below you see a fragment from “The concept of law” by H.L.A.Hart, in which he reflects on the origin of rules. Make a literary translation in a written form paying attention to grammar structures. Use a dictionary if necessary.
Rules may originate in different ways and may have very different relationships to the conduct with which they are concerned. Some rules are made by legislation; others are not. Some rules are mandatory in the sense that they require people to behave in certain ways ( e.g. people should pay taxes, whether they wish or not); other rules such as those prescribing the procedures, formalities, and conditions for the making of marriages, wills, or contracts indicate what people should do to give effect to the wishes they have.
In England there is a rule that a man must not wear a hat in church or that one must stand up when “God Save the Queen” is played. Most people generally do these things. Most people also may regularly drink tea at breakfast or go weekly to the cinema, and yet there is no rule in England that everyone “must” or “should” go to the cinema each week. But there is a rule that a man must bare his head in church. What then is the difference between habitual behaviour in a social group and the existence of a rule of which the words “must”, “should” and “ought to” are often a sign? Even skilled lawyers have felt that, though they know the law, there is much about law and its relations to other things that they cannot explain and do not fully understand.
( from “The concept of law” by H.L.A Hart)