Вариант 5.

I. Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на различные значения глаголов should и would.

1. In the future new alloys and synthetic materials should replace the metals we use today.

2. It would be impossible to simplify the production of aluminium without using the electrothermal method.

3. The design would have been ready by the end of the year if they had supplied us with all the necessary equipment.

II. Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык, принимая во внимание, что инфинитивные и причастные обороты соответствуют придаточным предложениям.

1. Architects have designed and built houses to be heated by solar radiation.

2. Rubber is known to have been brought from America.

3. The Egyptians seem to be the first to apply geometry for practical purposes.

4. The search for new sources of energy having been started, the uneconomical waste of fossil fuels will be discontinued.

5. Having done a given number of operations the machine stopped automatically.

III. Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на различные значения выделенных слов.

1. Hydroelectric energy requires no fuel for electricity is produced from the energy of falling water.

2. In the field of chemistry lasers are used either for diagnostic purposes or for producing chemical changes.

3. Many important discoveries have been made since the beginning of the 20-th century.

IV. Прочитайте и устно переведите на русский язык с 1-го по 4-й абзацы текста. Перепишите и письменно переведите 1-й и 3-й абзацы.

Пояснения к тексту:

1. sophisticated- усложненный

2. cell- клетка

3. to afflict- страдать

4. despite- несмотря на

5. retina- сетчатка

6. storage capacity- объем памяти

Biochemistry

1. The chemistry of life or biochemistry as chemists call it is an area in which classical fields of chemistry and biology meet. It can be called “molecular biology”. Biochemistry is the study of the structures and reactions of the thousands of compounds involved in life process. Biochemistry is considered to be the most complex area of chemistry.

2. Living things represent the most efficient sophisticated, compact chemical “factories” ever known. How, for example, do cells of the body know when to divide and multiply into new cells having the same characteristics as the original cells? When the body is afflicted by disease or by a wound how does the body protect itself and repair the damage? We know these processes to involve thousands of different chemical compounds.

3. When we compare the nervous system to man-made electronic computers the efficiency and complexity of the biological systems become even more impressive. Despite great advances in computer technology, the greatest computer ever built is almost insignificant being compared to a human brain weighing little more than a kilogram. A computer can perform mathematical operations millions of times faster than a person but what the nervous system can do! For example, it can cause your arm to reach out and touch an object. The brain can translate signals from the retina of the eyes into three dimensional colour images. It can translate a series of frequencies detected by the ear into thoughts whereas a computer can only perform operations being programmed by a person. As to the storage capacity the brain really wins out. The largest computers have storage capacity of about one million “words” but some experts believe the brain to store up all the signals it receives.

4. The chemical processes of our bodies involve enormously complex sequences of reactions, details of these processes being far from complete understanding. Nevertheless the great progress has been made in our understanding of the processes that occur in the body.

5. The first half of this century might be termed the Golden Age of Physics because so many discoveries in understanding the structure of molecules, atoms and nuclei were made. By the same virtue we may be in the midst of a Golden Age in Biochemistry. The next few years of research may bring much increased understanding of chemical processes in cells.

V. Прочитайте 5-ый абзац текста и письменно ответьте на следующий вопрос:

What phenomena are not yet understood in biochemistry?