2. Составьте словарь к тексту.

3. Прочитайте текст снова и письменно ответьте на вопросы:

1. What are machine-tools used for?

2. What facilities do all machine-tools have?

3. What parts can be made with lathes?

4. How can the cutting tool be moved on a lathe?

5. What is the most important machine-tool?

ВАРИАНТ 5

1. Прочитайте и письменно переведите на русский язык текст:

MILLING MACHINE

1. In a milling machine the cutter is a circular device with a series of cutting edges on its circumference. The workpiece is mounted on a table that controls the feed against the cutter. The table has three possible movements: longitudinal, horizontal, and vertical; in some cases it can also rotate. Milling machines are the most versatile of all machine tools. Flat or contoured surfaces may be machined with excellent finish and accuracy. Angles, slots, gear teeth and cuts can be made by using various shapes of cutters.

2. To drill a hole usually hole-making machine-tools are used. They can drill a hole according to some specification, they can enlarge it, or they can cut threads for a screw or to create a smooth hole. Drilling machines are different in size and function, from portable drills to radial drilling machines, multispindle units, automatic production machines, and deep-hole-drilling machines. Boring is a process that enlarges holes previously drilled, usually with a rotating single-point cutter held on a boring bar and fed against a stationary workpiece.

3. The shaper (поперечно-строгальный станок) is used mainly to produce different flat surfaces. The tool slides against the stationary workpiece and cuts on one stroke, returns to its starting position, and then cuts on the next stroke after a slight lateral displacement. In general, the shaper can make any surface having straight-line elements. It uses only one cutting-tool and is relatively slow, because the return stroke is idle.

4. The planer (продольно-строгальный станок) is the largest of the reciprocating machine tools. It differs from the shaper, which moves a tool past a fixed workpiece because the planer moves the workpiece to expose a new section to the tool. Like the shaper, the planer is intended to produce vertical, horizontal, or diagonal cuts. It is also possible to mount several tools at one time in any or all tool holders of a planer to execute multiple simultaneous cuts.

5. Grinders remove metal by a rotating abrasive wheel. The wheel is composed of many small grains of abrasive, bonded together, with each grain acting as a miniature cutting tool. The process gives very smooth and accurate finishes.

2. Составьте словарь к тексту.

3. Прочитайте текст снова и письменно ответьте на вопросы:

1. What moves in a milling machine, a table or a cutter?

2. What possible movements does the table of a milling machine have ?

3. What can we use a drilling machine for?

4. What kinds of drilling machines exist?

5. What is the working tool in a grinder?

Тексты по направлению

190600.62 "Эксплуатация транспортно-технологических машин и комплексов"

ВАРИАНТ 1

1. Прочитайте и письменно переведите на русский язык текст:

HEAVY VEHICLE SUSPENSION CONTROL

1. Heavy vehicles used for long-distance transportation experience widely varying road conditions and traffic situations. Optimum riding comfort and cargo protection must be maintained with full-, partial-, and no-loads without sacrificing driving safety and good handling characteristics.

2. With a soft suspension, ride comfort is achieved and impacts on the payload and cabin are reduced. However, optimized handling of a fully loaded vehicle requires increased damping that can result in drastically reduced comfort when the truck is empty or partially loaded. Therefore, a damping control system that can adapt to varying driving and load conditions is the ideal solution.

3. Manually adjustable and electronically controlled shock absorbers have been available in the upper class passenger car market for some years. The heavy truck market in Europe has offered such systems combined with controlled air suspensions for about two years. In Japan, coaches are equipped with a manually adjustable system.

4. For comfort, the optimum damping should be as low as possible, and for safety the damping should be higher at high damper velocity. The required damping force curve increases with a steep gradient at low damping speeds to reduce roll movement at higher damping speeds, the forces should "blow off to reduce impacts on the bracketry.