Пассивный залог времен Indefinite, Continuous, Perfect

Залог - категория глагола, которая показывает отношение действия к субъекту или объекту действия (подлежащему).

Действительный залог (Active Voice) показывает, что подлежащее – (лицо или предмет) активно действует.	Страдательный залог (Passive Voice) показывает, что предмет или лицо, являющееся подлежащим, подвергается действию:
He told them an interesting story. Он рассказал …	He was told an interesting story. Ему рассказали…

Предлог by указывает на исполнителя действия.

The radio was invented by Popov. – Радио было изобретено Поповым.

Образование пассивного залога:

I

be + Participle II

ndefinite Tense

Present The letter is translated.

Past The letter was translated.

Future The letter will be translated.

be + being + Participle II

Continuous Tense

Present The letter is being translated.

Past The letter was being translated.

Future The letter will be being translated.

have + been + Participle II

Perfect Tense

Present The letter has been translated.

Past The letter had been translated.

Future The letter will have been translated.

Упр. 43. Подчеркните сказуемое. Переведите предложения:

1. The books were borrowed from the central library.

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2. This problem has been already discussed at the lecture.

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3. The newspapers are usually brought in the morning.

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4. When was Moscow University founded?

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5. The work is being done right now.

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6. The students were being examined in the room 41.

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7. At the Institute the students are taught many different subjects.

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8. The children of Sparta were given a military education.

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9. He was being given instructions when I came.

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10. He has already been given the instructions.

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Если в пассивной конструкции после Причастия II стоит предлог, то перевод следует НАЧИНАТЬ С ЭТОГО ПРЕДЛОГА, а затем нужно переводить подлежащее.

This article is often referred to. – На эту статью часто ссылаются.

Упр. 44. Выполните упражнение, учитывая особенности перевода конструкций с отделяемыми предлогами.

1. The documents were sent for a week ago.______________________________

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2. This poet is much spoken about._____________________________________

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3. Her children will be taken care of.____________________________________

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4. You are always waited for.__________________________________________

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5. This book is often referred to._______________________________________

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6. The work of this student was paid attention to._________________________

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Помните!

При работе с текстом важно уметь определять время и залог сказуемого в предложении, чтобы точно понимать изложенные факты. Для этого можно использовать краткую запись формул английских сказуемых:

	Характер действия	Active	Passive
Indefinite	регулярное, обычное, разовое	V	be + Ved / V(3)
Continuous	продолженное в момент	be + Ving	be + being + Ved/V(3)
Perfect	законченное к моменту	have + Ved / V(3)	have +been +Ved/V(3)
Perfect Continuous	началось раньше и продолжается (или длилось и только что закончилось)	have + been + Ving

Упр. 45. Определите время и залог сказуемого, характер описываемого действия и в соответствии с этим переведите предложения.

1. Our new chief manager was chosen at the last meeting.__________________

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2. Our new manager always chooses something very difficult._______________

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3. Our new manager is now choosing the best way to decide the problem.

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4. Our manager will be chosen for this conference._______________________

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5. Our manager will choose the theme for this conference._________________

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6. Our manager has chosen the theme for the conference.______________

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7. Our manager has been chosen to go to the conference.__________________

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8. Our chief manager chose ten new workers last week.____________________

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9. Ten new workers chose our factory to work at.________________________

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10. Ten new workers were chosen to work at our factory._______________

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11. When the chief manager came to the meeting several workers had been already invited to our factory and were choosing the department to work at.

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12. The new director invited several managers for the meeting.__________

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13. The new director was invited by several managers for the meeting.

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14. When the director came to the meeting the workers were choosing the new trade union.________________________________________________

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15. When the director came to the meeting the workers had chosen the new trade union._____________________________________________________

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