III. The curront official system of transliteration was approved by the Cabinet of Ministers (on 27 January) 2010. Its based on the rules of the 1999 system a few exceptions based on the 2007

Provisions:

1. The use of the approved system is binding for the transliteration of Ukrainian names into English in official and legislative acts.

2. This system itself is not mandatory for the transliteration of foreign names into Ukrainian (it has only one-way direction Ukr-Eng).

3. Transliteration must be performed directly between Ukrainian and English without the use of any intermediary languages

ex. Odessa (from Russian) – Odesa (from Ukrainian)

20. The translator’s false friends

The translator’s false friends are words and expressions which have similar form but different meaning in the SL and in the TL. Their formal similarity is deceptive (оманлива) and may lead to translation mistakes.

The translator’s false friends are divided into 2 groups:

1. words similar in form but absolutely different in meaning (The Eng. magazine and the Ukr. магазин, lunatic - лунатик)

2. words similar in form but partially different in meaning (student–студент,учень,той,хто чимось цікавиться(of); bank – банк, берег (річки))

The translator’s false friends are not interchangeable due to the following factors:

1. the semantic factor which results from different historical development of such words in the SL and in the TL

minister – священик, посланник, член уряду

2. the stylistic factor which results from the difference in connotation (an ability to evoke negative/positive emotion) of such words in the SL and in the TL

ambitious - амбітний (The Eng. ambitious is positive and the Ukr. амбітний – used to be/was negative )

3. The colocability factor/ valency factor which results from the difference in combinability rules in the SL and the TL

defects – дефекти (The Eng. defects and the Ukr. дефекти – defects in the election campaign – прорахунки/ помилки у виборчій кампанії, but not дефекти)

4. The pragmatic factor which results from the difference in background knowledge in the SL and the TL speech communities

American Revolution – війна за незалежність США

coup d’etat – державний переворот

aspirant – кандидат, претендент

presidential ~ - кандидат на посаду президента

orale – бойовий дух

velvet – оксамит

the Emancipation Proclamation – Декл. про скасув. рабства

the Am. Revolution – Війна за незал. в Америці

Premier – прем’єр

~ Khrushchev – голова СРСР, генсек..(бо перед прізвищем)

the Cuban Missile Crisis – Карибська криза

accord – угода, згода

Dutch – голландський

adept – знавець, експерт

ammunition – боєприпаси

decade – десятиріччя, 10 років

census – перепис населення

intelligence – інтелект, розум, розвідка

integrity – чесність

extravagant – непомірний, марнотратний (і екстрав.)

militia – ополчення, ополченці

assembly – зібрання (і асамблея)

pathetic – жалюгідний

partisan – упереджений, завзятий

invalid – недійсний, той,що немає законної сили

guerilla – партизан, повстанець

catholic – різносторонній

execution – страта