I Fine I Prison I Fine I Prison
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Burglary I $1000 I 6 months I unlimited I 14 years
2. Grievous bodily harm I $1000 I 6 months I unlimited I 5 years
3. Possession of firearm I $1000 I 6 months I unlimited I 5 years
4. Possession of cannabis I $500 I 3 months I unlimited I 5 years
5. Common assault I $200 I 2 months I - I
6. «Going equipped for stealing»I $1000 I 6 months I unlimited I 3 years
7. Murder - - I life imprisonment
EXERCISE 9 Match the sentences with the crimes.
1)murder of a policeman; a)100 hours of community service;
2)drinking and driving without causing a death; b)6 months in prison or a $5000
fine and disqualification from
driving;
3) robbing a bank with a gun; c) five to ten years in prison
4) stealing goods from a shop («shop-lifting»); d) a $300 fine;
5) driving without insurance; e) a $3000 fine;
6) vandalising a telephone-box. f) life imprisonment.
EXERCISE 10 Copy the following table into your notebooks. Write as many words and expressions as you can think of to complete it. Where is not necessarily a 'correct' position for a particular word. The choice is personal.
Crimes Sentences Legal professions
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
burglary fine judge
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
EXERCISE 10 Work in pairs and find arguments for and against the death penalty. Discuss the following questions:
- mild sentences are a sign of a civilised society;
- capital punishment is not a deterrent to murder;
- the punishment must fit the crime.
Use the following words and expressions:
- That’s what I think.
- I see what you mean, but on the other hand ...
- I think so too.
- That's ridiculous.
- I'm afraid I can't agree with you.
HAVE A REST
A man had been convicted of theft on circumstantial evidence.
When the case was sent for appeal, he revealed to his lawyer that he
had been in prison at the time of the crime committed.
«Good Heavens, man!» said the lawyer. «Why on earth didn't you reveal that fact at the trial?»
«Well». said the man, «I thought it might prejudice the jury against me».
* * *
A man accused of stealing a watch was acquitted on insufficient evidence. Outside the courtroom he approached his lawyer and said, «What does that mean acquitted?»
«It means», said the lawyer, «that the court has found you innocent. You are free to go».
«Does it mean I can keep the watch?» asked the client.
* * *
First juror: «We shouldn't be here very long. One look at those two fellows convinces me that they are guilty».
Second juror: «Not so loud, you fool! That's counsel for the prosecution and counsel for defence!»
* * *
A man sentenced to death was being taken to the execution place in very nasty weather.
«What bad weather», he remarked.
«You are not the one to grumble», commented one of the escorts. «We've got yet to go back».
The death of a man found hanged is his cell at Stretford station in Manchester will be investigated by the Police Complaints Authority. John Hannon, 42, who had been living in a hostel in Hulme, was arrested on August 9 for breach of bail conditions.
A police constable has been summonsed for driving without care and attention. A pedestrian died in a result of a collision with a police car in Kentish Town, north London, in January PC Barry Chapman must appear at Clerkenwell Magistrates' Court on August 29.
Officers in Chester have changed tactics in dealing with aggressive beggars. They will now arrest suspects immediately and put them before the courts. In the past, beggars have been referred to social services or charities, but they have become increasingly more violent when passers-by ignore them.
UNIT 7 THE POLICE SERVICE AND THE STATE
The Country. England, Wales and Northern Ireland are part of the United Kingdom, a group of islands situated off the west coast of mainland Europe, north of France and divided from Belgium, the Netherlands and the Nordic countries by the North Sea.
Scotland has an area of 78,750 square kilometres and a population of 4,9 million. It is in the northern part of the main island and has a police organisation similar to that of England and Wales had a different legal system.
In area England, Wales and Northern Ireland total some 165,000 square kilometres and have a population of some 52 million. Eighty percent of the population lives in urban areas, with London alone having a population of over 7 million.
There are 43 police forces in England and Wales with a total strength of 129,000 police officers. The police/population ratio is 1:448. The Metropolitan Police is responsible for the Greater London Area, and is the largest police force with more than 28,000 officers. The Royal Ulster Constabulary is responsible for Northern Ireland and has over 1 1.500 regular police officers.
Additionally in England and Wales there are more than 53,000 civilian support staff employed by police forces together with some 4,500 tragic wardens.
Control of police forces is based upon a tripartite relationship between central government, the local Police Authority and the chief officer of police.
Police officers are not employees of the state or of local government. At the same time, like any other citizen, they are answerable to both the ordinary criminal and civil law. as well as to the police disciplinary procedures.
The Home Secretary. The Home Secretary has responsibility to promote and maintain the effectiveness of police forces and has a range of powers. An important power is to determine annually the key operational objectives for police forces. These are published after consultation with representatives of both police authorities and chief officers of police.
The functions of the Home Secretary include all training at recruit training senior officer training at regional centres and the National Staff College at Bramshill; the Police National Computer; the National Criminal Intelligence Service; and central research and planning units.
Her Majesty's Inspectors of Constabulary. A number of inspectors known as «Her Majesty's Inspectors of Constabulary» (HMIC) assist the Home Secretary in the maintenance of efficiency and effectiveness. Currently there are seven such appointments together with Her Majesty's Chief Inspector of Constabulary (HMCIC). The police forces are divided into five regions for inspectorate purposes and one of the HMIC's has specific responsibility for forces in a region.
Inspections take the form of an annual performance review of each force with a full examination of the organisation and activity every three years. Her Majesty's Inspectors are particularly concerned with force strategic issues, quality of service, equal opportunities, structure and the management and organisation of crime investigation. All inspection reports are published publicly.
The Police Authority. The Police Authority has a range of duties and responsibilities. It must secure the maintenance of an efficient and effective police force fur its area. It must determine local policing objectives set by the Home Secretary. Before the beginning of each financial year, the Authority must issue a costed plan setting out the proposed arrangements for policing the authority's area during the coming year («the local policing plan»). At the end of each financial year, the Police Authority must issue a report on the year's Police Authority appoints the chief officers and is the disciplinary authority for those ranks.
The Chief Constable. The Chief Constable is responsible for the direction and control of the police force. The Chief Constable is the disciplinary authority for all ranks up to, and including, the superintending ranks.
(Note: In the Metropolitan Police Service and the City of London Police, the term Chief Constable is not used. The most senior police officer is each of those two forces is titled Commissioner).
WORDS AND PHRASES
Legal - юридичний, пpaвoвий, зaконний
civilian - цивільний; гpомадянський
support - підтpимкa
support staff – дoпoміжний cклaд
traffic warden – cлyжбовeць дoрoжньої охорони
authority - влaдa
criminal law - кримінальнe nрaвo
to promote - cпpияти, підвищyвaти в чині або у званні
to maintain - підтримувати
objective - мeтa
recruit - рeкрyт, нoвoбpaнeць
the National Criminal Intelligence Service – Національна служба кpимінальної розвідки
appointment - призначення (нa пoсaду)
duty – oбов’зок
to secure - охоpоняти, зaбeзпeчувати
rank - звання
EXERCISES
EXERCISE 1 Fill in the blanks:
1. England, Wales and Northern Ireland are part of the . . . .
2. Scotland has a ... similar to that of England and Wales but a different ... ... .
3. There are 43 ... ... in England and Wales with a total strength of 129,000 ... ... .
4. There are more than 53,000 civilian ... ... employed by police forces.
5. There are 4,500 ... ... in the police forces of England and Wales.
6. Police officers are answerable to the ... and ... law.
7. The Home Secretary has responsibility to ... and ... the effectiveness of police forces.
8. The Home Secretary has a power to determine annually the key operationa1 ... for the police forces.
9. The functions of the Home Secretary include all training at ... training centres.
10. The duties and responsibilities of the Police Authority are to ... the maintenance of an efficient and effective police force for its area.
11. The Police Authority ... the chief officers and is the disciplinary authority for those ... .
EXERCISE 2 Read the following sentences and decide if they are true or false:
1. England, Wales and Northern Ireland are a group of islands situated off the east coast of mainland Europe.
2. Scotland has a police organisation and a legal system similar to those of England and Wales.
3. The Metropolitan Police is the largest police force with more than 28.000 officers.
4. There are more than 53,000 civilian support staff with some 4.500 traffic wardens.
5. Police officers are employees of the state and of local government.
6. Police officers are answerable only to the civil law.
7. The Home Secretary has responsibility to promote and maintain the efficiency and effectiveness of police forces.
8. The functions of the Home Secretary are all training at recruit training centres, supervisory and senior officer training, the Police National Computer; the National Criminal Intelligence Service, etc.
9. The police forces are divided into ten regions for inspectorate purposes.
10. The duty of the Police Authority is to secure the maintenance of an efficient and effective police force for its area.
11. The Police Authority appoints the junior officers.
12. The Chief Constable is responsible for the direction and control of the police force.
13. The Chief Constable is the disciplinary authority for chief officers only.
14. The most senior police officer in the Metropolitan Police Service and the City of London Police is the Chief Constable.
EXERCISE 3 Find words and expressions in the text which mean:
1. power or right to give orders and make others obey.
2. a new member of a society, group, etc, especially a soldier in the early days of his training;
3. distinct grade in the armed forces;
4. help to organise and start, give smb. a higher position or rank;
5. person not serving with the armed forces;
6. keep up, support;
7. position.
EXERCISE 4 Ask questions to get the following answers:
1. England, Wales and Northern Ireland are part of the United Kingdom, a group of islands situated off the west coast of mainland Europe.
2. Scotland has a police organisation similar to that of England and Wales but a different legal system.
3. There are 43 police forces in England and Wales with a total strength of 129,000 police officers.
4. The police I population ratio is 1 : 448.
5. The Metropolitan Police is the largest police force.
6. Police officers are not employees of the state or of local government.
7. The Home Secretary has responsibility to promote and maintain the efficiency and effectiveness of police forces.
8. The Home Secretary determines annually the key operational objectives for the police forces.
9. The functions of the Home Secretary include all training a recruit training centres.
10. Inspections take place every three years.
11. Her Majesty's Inspectors examine quality of service, equal opportunities, the structure and management and organisation of crime investigations.
12. The Police Authority must determine local policing objectives.
13. The Police Authority appoints the chief officers and is the disciplinary authority for those ranks.
14. The Chief Constable is responsible for the direction and control of the police force.
EXERCISE 5 Answer the following questions:
1. What is the geographical position of England, Wales and Northern Ireland?
2. Is the police organisation of Scotland similar to that of England and Wales?
3. How many police forces are there in England and Wales?
4. What is the police/population ratio?
5. What is the largest police force?
6. Are police officers employees of the state?
7. What responsibility has the Home Secretary?
8. What are the functions of the Home Secretary?
9. What are the duties of Her Majesty’s Inspectors?
10. What responsibilities has the Police Authority?
11. Who is the disciplinary authority for all ranks?
EXERCISE 6 Complete the following text by translating the words and expressions in brackets.
Britain has no national police force. Instead there is a seperate (поліцейське упрaвління) for each of 43 areas into which the country is divided. Each has a police (влaдa) - a committee of local county councillors and magistrates. The forces co-operate with each other, but it is unusual for members of one force to operate in another's area unless they are asked to give assistance. This sometimes happens when there has been a very serious (3noqwH). For historical reasons the (Мініcтр внутрішніх cпpaв) is responsible for London's Metropolitan Police Force. (Кoрoлівcькa Ольcтeрcькa пoліція) is responsible for Northern Ireland. Like the army, there are a number of (3Ballb): after the Chief Constable comes the Assistant Chief Constable. Chief Superintendent, Chief Inspector, Inspector, Sergeant and Constable. The police are helped by a number of Special Constables - members of the (громaдcькості) who work for the police voluntarily for a few hours a week.
EXERCISE 7 Study the Police Ranks in Britain and compare them with those in Ukraine.
POLICE RANKS
METROPOLITAN POLICE CITY OF LONDON ROYAL ULSTER CONSTABULARY OTHER FORCES
Commissioner Commissioner Chief Constable Chief
Deputy Commissioner
Assistant Assistant Deputy
Commissioners Commissioner Chief Constables
Deputy Assistant
Commissioners
Commanders Commander Assistant Assistant
Chief Constables Chief Constables
Superintendent
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Chief inspector
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Inspector
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sergeant
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Constables
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Notes: 1) All chief officers are equal in law. Equivalence between other ranks is variable.
2) Numbers of officers in each rank vary: 75% 80% of all UK officers are constables.
3) The ranks of Deputy Chief Constable and Chief Superintendent, were abolished with effect from 1.4.95
HAVE A REST
NOT SO STUPID
A man engaged in a lawsuit suggested to his lawyer that it might be a good idea to send a present to the judge who was going to try the case. His lawyer warned him that the judge was quite honest, and that if he did any such thing he would only prejudice the judge against him.
During the trial the lawyer noticed that the judge seemed to favour his client in whose favour judgement was in the end given. The man afterwards told his lawyer that he had sent a rich present to the judge.
«But you can't have done so», said the lawyer.
«Oh yes I did», replied the man, «but remembering your advice, I sent it in my opponent's name».
DISTRUST IN LAWYERS
«Have you got a lawyer?» asked the judge of a young man brought before him.
«No, your honour», was the answer.
«Well, don't you think you had better have one?» asked the judge.
«No, your honour», answered the young man. «I don't need one, I am going to tell the truth».
A WISE JUDGE
Two brothers once lived together. They worked on their father’s farm. They were very honest and got along together very well. One day their father died leaving his property to his two sons. In his last will he told them to divide the property between them.
But the brothers could not agree now. Each wanted to have the better part for himself. After some time they did not even speak to each other. At last they went to a judge who was very wise.
The judge listened to them carefully and then he said.
«The matter is very simple. We shall divide the property in this way. One of you will divide it in the way he thinks is best and the other one will then have the right to choose whichever of the two parts be prefers».
In this day the case was settled.
In the first case of its kind, two men have been jailed for distributing child pornography on the Internet. A 26-year old computer expert, Alban Fellows, ran a porn library and was supplied with some of his material by co-defendant Stephen Arnold. Both were charged. Fellows was jailed for three years and Arnold for six months.
A Force campaign against knife violence in Glasgow has started this year. All City centre shops which stock special knives have agreed to adopt a voluntary code of practice requiring knife buyers to show proof of identity, and to ban knife sales to under - 16s without a responsible adult. The purpose of the campaign is to prevent the wrong type of people getting hold of the knives.
Russian-speaking criminals have invested heavily in the British property market and forged links with some criminals here. Billions of dollars are believed to have been laundered around the world by the criminals, especially from Russia.
UNIT 8 RECRUITMENT
Entry requirements vary from one force to another.
Age. The minimum age for appointment as a constable is 18 ½ although some forces have a higher minimum age. There is no upper limit.
Qualifications. Candidates should have achieved a good educational standard. However, regardless of educational attainment there is an entrance test which is taken by all candidates. This Initial Recruitment Test helps to identify whether you have the skills for the job. It consists of five separately timed tests each designed to measure a different ability. These are:
the ability to spell words and construct sentences properly;
the ability to check information quickly and correctly;
the ability to solve numerical problems accurately;
the ability to reason logically when given facts about events;
the ability to observe scenes carefully and recall details accurately;
Physical fitness. If you are thinking of joining the Police Service you must be physically fit. Before appointment all candidates are medically examined and must be certified by a registered medical practitioner, approved by the police authority, as being in good health, of sound constitution, and fitted both physically and mentally to perform the duties of a constable.
Eyesight. Good eyesight is important and all forces require a high standard of eyesight. No force can accept candidates with only one eye or those who suffer from squint or other morbid conditions of the eyes (or lids of either eye). Applicants are normally required to produce an optician's test certificate issued within the preceding 12 months.
Most forces will accept a candidate who wears contact lenses or glasses. Colour vision is also important and no force will accept a candidate who is unable to distinguish the principal colours – red green and violet.
Nationality. Applicants to the Police Service are required to be British citizens, or Commonwealth citizens whose stay in the United Kingdom is not subject to restrictions, or citizens of the Irish Republic.
Height. There are no minimum or maximum height requirements.
Criminal record. When making an application for appointment to any chief officer of police you should mention any criminal record which you have.
As a new recruit you will be given the training necessary to equip you for the job. All police officers do basic training and have a two year probation. Initial training comprises a two year modular system. The two year training cycle is outlined below.
One and a half weeks at your force's local centre being given basic information and time to discuss hopes and fears in relation to the job.
Two and a half weeks at a police station giving you a chance to observe the working environment.
A ten week residential course at a national police training centre where you learn and are trained in relation to the professional and personal skills and abilities you need for the job. (Everything from community awareness to punctuality!)
Five weeks on the beat with a tutor constable guiding you through incidents, procedures and paperwork.
Additional training and skills teaming at a national police training centre through simulation exercises and classwork.
Back to the police station for five weeks with a tutor constable. Later you will go on individual patrol.
Promotion. Promotion opportunities exist for all police officers. After their first two years as a probationary constable, officers can work towards their sergeant and then their inspector exams with the help of an excellent training programme.
WORDS AND PHRASES
entry - вступний
requirement - вимoгa
appointment - пpизнaчeння нa пoсaду
constable - кoнcтeбль
attainment - досягнення
initial - пoчaтковий
recruitment - нaбіp нoвoбрaнців
to identify - вcтaнoвлювaти
skill - здaтніcть, cпрoмoжніcть; здібність
ability - уміння
to spell - пиcaти
to solve - вирішувaти
to reason - міркyвати
event - подія
to observe - cпоcтeрігaти
to recall - згадувaти
fitness - придaтніcть
to approve - твeрдити; затвеpджyвати
eyesight - зіp
squint - косоокіcть
morbid - патологічний
lid - пoвікa, мн. пoвіки
applicant - кaндидaт
to precede - пeрeдувaти
to distinguish - розрізняти
Commonwealth - cпівдружність
restriction - обмеeжeння
height - pіcт
beat - дільниця; ділянкa
tutor - нaстaвник
promotion - підвищення y званні
EXERCISES
EXERCISE 1 Fill in the blanks:
1. The minimum age for ... as a constable is 181/2.
2. The initial Recruitment test helps to ... whether young people have the skills for the job.
3. The test is designed to measure a different ... .
4. The future policeman must spell words and construct sentences properly, ... numerical problems accurately, ... logically, ... scenes carefully and ... details accurately.
5. When joining the Police Service all candidates must be physically ... .
6. Good ... is important.
7. All applicants must ... the principal colours -red, green and violet.
8. When entering the Police Service you must mention any ... record which you have.
9. All police officers do basic training and have a two year ... .
10. ... can lead to a higher rank.
EXERCISE 2 Read the following sentences and decide if they are true or false:
1. Entry requirements are the same for each force.
2. There is no minimum or upper age limit for appointment as a constable.
3. All candidates must take an entrance test.
4. The initial Recruitment Test helps to identify your skills for the job.
5. It is not necessary to be examined medically before appointment.
6. Applicants must have good eyesight.
7. Applicants to the Police Service are required to be British citizens.
8. It is not necessary to inform about criminal records which you have.
9. All police officers have a one year probation.
10. Promotion opportunities exist only for senior officers.
EXERCISE 3 Find words and expressions in the text which mean:
1. person who applies;
2. having the right measure, good health, etc.;
3. mute over which smb goes regularly;
4. giving smb a higher position or rank;
5. power of seeing;
6. ability to do smth well
7. exercise the power of thought.
EXERCISE 4 Answer the following questions:
1. What is the minimum and upper age limit for appointment as a constable?
2. What is the purpose of the Initial Recruitment Test?
3. What abilities does the Initial Recruitment Test help to identify and measure?
4. Do all forces require a high standard of eyesight?
5. What colours must applicants distinguish?
6. How long does it take to have basic
7. What opportunities exist for all police officers?
EXERCISE 5 Read the text.
DUTIES
The duties of the police forces of the United Kingdom include the provision of police cover at major airports (Heathrow, Gatwick, etc.) but the police carry no responsibility for the running of prisons, for immigration or for customs and excise duties. The duties and responsibilities of police are:
a) the protection of life and property;
b) the prevention of crime and detection of offenders;
c) the preservation of public tranquillity.
These principles were accepted by all police forces in the United Kingdom.
In 1990 the Association of Chief Police Officers set out the purpose for the police service of today.
«The purpose of the police service is to uphold the law; to prevent crime; to bring to justice those who break the law; to keep the Queen’s Peace; to protect, help and reassure the community. We must be compassionate, courteous and patient. We need to be professional, calm and restrained in the face of violence
and apply only that force which is necessary to accomplish our lawful duty. We must strive to reduce the fears of the public and to reflect their priorities in the action we take. We must respond to well-founded criticism with a willingness to change».
EXERCISE 6 Give English equivalents for the following words and expressions:
обов'язки поліцейської служби;
не нести відповідальності за втечі з в'язниці, імміграцію,
митні та податкові операції;
захист життя та власності;
попередження злочину (запобігання злочину);
розщук злочинців;
збереження громадського спокою;
захищати закон;
віддавати під суд тих, хто порушує закон;
охороняти спокій королеви;
захищати, допомагати та заспокоювати суспільство;
співчутливий;
ввічливий, чемний;
терплячий;
компетентний;
спокійний;
стриманий;
перед лицем насильства;
вдаватися тільки до тих дій, які необхідні;
законні обов'язки;
зменшувати страхи суспільства;
відповідати на добре обгрунтовану критику з бажанням змінитися.
EXERCISE 7 Match the words from the left and the right columns according to the meaning. Make sentences of your own.
a) prevention of b) public tranquillity;
protection of crime;
preservation of immigration, customs and excise duties;
responsibility for the law;
detection of life and property;
to uphold offenders;
to prevent justice;
to bring to the community;
to break the Queen's Peace;
to reassure the law.
to keep
EXERCISE 8 Choose the words that characterise the policeman.
The work in the police is ... .
- interesting; - nervous; - boring;
- noisy; - depressing; - dangerous;
- exciting; - awful; - pleasant.
A policeman must be ... .
- compassionate; - calm; - restrained;
- professional; - cruel; - firm;
- patient; - honest; - sly;
- courteous; - rude; -jolly.
EXERCISE 9 Read the text.
Alan is 17 years old. He wants to join the Police Service. It is a tradition in his family to become a pot ice officer. His grandfather was a Constable. He was proud of his job. Alan's father is a Traffic Warden. He is a civilian employed by the Police. He wears similar uniform and works on foot in City centre. He is responsible for controlling the parking of traffic, moving people on where they have overstayed their parking time and giving out fixed penalty tickets for the more persistent parking offenders. Alan's elder brother Peter who is now 20 years old, attends a twenty week training course at Peel Centre, Hendon. Alan envies his brother. It’s great to be a recruit at Hendon! Hendon is not like an ordinary educational establishment. The recruits are not tied to their desks – police work is brought to life by acting out incidents. The whole class attend at the scene of practical incidents staged by Police Officer Instructors. Students are expected to take action as if they were on normal duty. And it is much more interesting than to sit in the classrooms. Peter is saying that he enjoys basic law, police procedure and how to handle people. Alan's mother says that Hendon helps Peter become more skilful patient and sensitive.
After initial training, Peter will join his new Division and for the first ten weeks will be taken under the wings of an experienced tutor Sergeant and Constable. During these early weeks working on the streets of London, he will, under supervision and guidance, learn about the local area, the people, and the problems that confront police officers.
Later, after about a year's total service, the officers will complete a further two weeks training at an Area Training Unit.
After the initial two years Peter will be confirmed as Constable. Being a PC means that officers will often need to act quickly. His grandfather used to say. «Crime doesn't clock on or off». All day and all night policemen have to safeguard homes and property, even life itself.
Alan is interested in fingerprint identification. That's why after initial training he is going to enter the Fingerprint Branch at New Scotland Yard. Alan thinks that fingerprint identification plays an important role in many major crime investigations. But it will be in future. Now Alan must prepare himself for taking the Initial Recruitment Test. If you are thinking of joining the Police Service you must be physically fit. So, Alan does his morning exercises every day. He goes to learn Karate two evenings a week. He is already as tall as his brother and growing into a man very fast!
EXERCISE 10 Give Ukrainian equivalents for the following words and phrases:
- to join n the Police Service; - Constable;
- Traffic Warden; - civilian;
- uniform - to work on foot;
- parking of traffic; - fixed penalty;
- recruit - educational establishment;
- scene of practical incidents; - to be on duty;
- basic law; - police procedure;
- to handle people - skilful, patient, sensitive;
- tutor Sergeant - under supervision and guidance;
- to act quickly - to safeguard homes and property;
- fingerprint identification - crime investigation;
- physically fit.
EXERCISE 11 Read the text and fill in the gaps with the words and phrases
the box below.
The most visible, easily recognisable, policing figure is the officer on the ... . The British police officer sometimes called «the bobby» after Sir Robert Peel, the founder of the ... - is a well-known figure to everybody who has visited Britain or who has seen British films. Policemen are to be seen in towns or cities keeping ... and . . . , either walking in the streets («pounding the beat») or driving in cars (known as «panda cars» because of their distinctive markings).
To be a policeman means doing ... work, wearing a ... and working in a small area of London, preventing ... and arresting . . ..
All members of the police must have gained a certain level of academic qualifications at school and undergone a period of intensive training.
In most countries the police . . .. The British Police generally do not carry firearms, except in Northern Ireland. Only a few police are regularly armed - for example, those who . . . politicians and diplomats or who ... airports. In certain circumstances specially circumstances specially trained police ... can be armed, but only with the permission of a chief officer.
to patrol crime law
guns criminals order
to guard shift uniform
police force officers beat
EXERCISE 12 Work in pairs. Imagine you are interviewed by a journalist. The journalist wants to know why you chose the profession of a police officer. Include the following points:
- the main tasks of police;
- the duties of a policeman;
- the problems a policeman meets;
- the advantages and disadvantages of policeman
Use the following words and expressions:
- Well, ...
- Talking about ...
- Frankly speaking ...
- To tell the truth ...
EXERCISE 13 Read these three telephone conversations with people who think they have seen Anderson. Only one person has seen the real Peter Anderson.
Which one - the first caller (Mrs Collins), the second (Mr Sands), or the third (Mr Harris)?
Telephone conversation 1
- North Yorkshire Police.
- Hello. Listen. I've just seen Peter Anderson! In the ...
- One moment, please.
- Peter Anderson! The murderer! He's here in Newtown! I saw him in the street! He...
- One moment, please.
- He's a big man, with short black hair and a scar on his face. He's 25 or ...
- What is your name, please?
- Mrs Collins. He's 25 or 26. He's got ...
- Your address, Mrs Collins?
- blue eyes, I think. And what a big nose he's got! I know it’s him. He's wearing a black jacket and green trousers ...
Telephone conversation 2
- Thames Valley Police
- Hello. I've seen Peter Anderson.
- One moment, please.
- Hello. Detective Sergeant Callen speaking. Can I help you?
- Yes. I've just seen Peter Anderson. In the post office. Here in Chilton.
- Can I have your name and address, please, sir?
- Robert Sands. 1? High Street, Chilton. I'm sure it was Anderson. He's very tall, with long dark hair, a big nose, green eyes, and a scar on the left-hand side of his face. About 35 years old.
- What was he wearing?
Telephone conversation 3
- ... and can you describe the man, Mr Harris?
- Yes. He's quite tall, about 25 or 30, with long fair hair, big ears, and a scar under his left eye. Oh, and he's got a big nose.
- Colour of eyes?
- I've no idea.
- What was he wearing?
- A blue jacket and brown trousers ...
IT IS INTERESTING TO KNOW
1. Fingerprinting. In 1898, Sir Edward Henry, an eminent scientist discovered that there were three distinct patterns in fingerprints – arches, whorls and loops. As no two people on earth have the same fingerprints ( not even identical twins), fingerprint soon became a vital method of identifying criminals. Fingerprints left on objects at the scene of a crime can be matched to those of a suspect and used as evidence in court.
2. Footprints. Footprints found in soil, dust, sand or on shiny surfaces can give vital clues to a person's build, weight and how they
3. Blood. Scientists can tell a person's blood group by examining even the tiniest drop of blood or stain left at the scene of a crime.
* * *
IS THAT A FACT?
Your fingerprints are formed during the fourth and fifth months of life in
the womb.
Fingerprints of all convicted criminals (about 3 million in Britain) are recorded on police computer files.
The first time fingerprinting was used in a murder trial was in 1905, when Alfred and Albert Stratton were found guilty of killing Mr and Mrs. Farrow at their shop in Deptford.
For a fingerprint to be used as evidence in court, there must be at least 16 similarities between the fingerprints found at the scene of the crime and those of the suspect.
* * *
There was the convict who had never been to prison before. And at his first meal, when they were eating together, one of the other convicts suddenly got up and shouted 'twenty-four!' All the other convicts roared with laughter.
So the new convict asked his neighbour what was so funny. 'Oh', said the neighbour, 'you see, we've all been here so long that we know all each other's jokes. So instead of telling them we give them all numbers'.
So at the next meal the new convict decided to tell a joke himself. He felt terribly nervous but finally he gathered up his courage, stood up and said in a very low voice 'twenty-eight'. But there was no reaction at all. He sat down in complete silence, red in face. After a bit, he asked his neighbour what was wrong with joke twenty-eight. 'Nothing', said his neighbour. 'It's a very good joke. But you know, it depends on the way you tell the story'.
So at the next meal the new convict decided to make them laugh. He stood up and in a firm voice shouted out 'two hundred and forty-four! Immediately, everyone was convulsed with laughter. They rolled in the aisles.
When the laughter died down, the new convict turned to his neighbour, 'That was all right, wasn't it?' he said. 'Oh, yes, you couldn't have been better. And what's more, we had never heard that one before'.
* * *
A dangerous criminal had escaped, so the police issued the usual photographs: left profile, front view, and right profile. A few days later they received the following telegram from an Irish detective: 'Have captured the fellow on the left, and the fellow in the middle, and I’m going soon to get the fellow on the right as well'.