Great Patriotic war 1941-1945

1. Front lines; 2. Guerrilla fighters; 3. European Resistance; 4. Underground resistance in the occupation zones; 5. Labor Army; 6. Fields and factories

Controversy

1. Turkestan legion

2. Collaborators with Nazis

3. Defectors after WWII- those who stayed in Western Europe or moved to Turkey, and acted as agents of western anti-soviet propaganda, instrument - Radio Free Europe, and its affiliate- Azattyq

domestic war against the people during the WWII

4. GULAG activities during the WWII on the territory of Kazakhstan- KARLAG, STEPLAG, ALZHIR

5. Ethnic cleansings and deportations during the war- Kalmyks, Germans, Greeks, Poles, Kurds, Turks-Meskhetians, Moldovans, Chechens, Balkars, Karachais, West Ukranians

6. Dissidents in Kazakh SSR (disagreed with the soviet regime)

7. December 1986 events participants

Kazakhs in gulag

• 17 123 (1,30 %) by 1 January 1939.

• By 1951- 25 906 (12 554/13 352 — 1,03 %)

• Objects built by GULAG prisoners and deported peoples in Kazakhstan- Zhezkazgan, Balkhash, Karaganda infrastructure, rail ways link- Balkhash-Karaganda-

Securitization

Security concerns dominate in decisions-making in domestic and foreign policy.

Aspects:

1) closed/tabooed topics – tribalism, ethnic and racial problems, president and his family, military issues and defense budget.

2) special status to some settlements- closed cities

Legacy of heroism

1. History

2. Geographical names- cities, towns, villages, streets

3. Legends and myths

4. Personal names- the original meaning of the name lost its significance and is associated with some historical figure (hero or talented person) -Er, batyr, temir, tas, bolat, balta, Soldatbek, asker, - are composite part of male name, and names of heroes; Arystan, Barys, Jolbarys, Jigit, Yeskendir, Qairat, Qaisar,

Female names - Gaukhar, Aliya, Manshuk

5. Lexicon- be brave and strong and patriot of your people and land as Baurzhan or Raibek

6. Celebration of May 9th- V-Day

7. May 7th- Day of the motherland defender

Sports culture

In 1920s in some regions of Kazakhstan were formed groups on national sports games. In 1938 was held in Alma-Ata I republican kolkhoz spartakiad. An obligatory type- kazakhsha-qures (Kazakh wrestling). In 1939—1941 the program included tayak-jugurty, togyz qumalaq. In 19044-1947 were included all traditional Kazakh sports games.

Traditional sports games presently

Alaman baiga- long distance racing; at-omraulastury – fighting with an opponent in a ring on horse; baiga- horse racing; burkut-salu- hunting with a falcon; jorga-jarys – racing on specially trained horses; jauay-jarys- fighting on foot; jamby- aty- shooting from an arrow or a rifle; kazaksha-kures- belly wrestling in Kazakh manner; kokpar- horse racing type; kumis-alu- horse racing type; qyz-kuu- racing on horse and catching a girl; qyz-jarys- racing contest between girls; saiys – wrestling on horse; togyz-qumalaq- table game with bones; tayaq-jugurty- throwing a stick on a snow to a distance; tuie-jarys- racing on camel.