- •Table of contents
- •III. Rigalia’s limited ban of the Mavazi for Zetian women and girls is consistent with international law 9
- •IV. Ardenia’s failure to investigate and prosecute the alleged corruption and to provide legal assistance to Rigalia constitute breaches of the oecd Anti-Bribery Convention 16
- •Index of authorities
- •I. International materials
- •II. Jurisprudence
- •Statement of jurisdiction
- •III. Secondary materials: monographs
- •IV. Secondary materials: articles
- •V. Other materials
- •Questions presented
- •Statement of facts
- •Summary of pleadings
- •Pleadings
- •A. Rigalia’s Predator Drone strikes against Zetian terrorists in Rigalia and Ardenia were in accordance with the provisions of international law
- •1. Unlawful Zetians’ actions countenanced by Ardenia infringed some international provisions
- •I. Zetian terrorists violated some provisions of the International Convention for the Suppression of Terrorist Bombings
- •II. Ardenia supported Zetian terrorists in committing the act of aggression
- •2. Predator Drone launching was a self-defense act of Rigalia
- •B. The Court has no prerogative to stop the drone attacks
- •A. Rigalia does not have to bear the responsibility to hold an inquiry into the attack or to make up for it since the attack on the Bakchar Valley hospital was not related to Rigalia
- •1. Rigalia is not responsible for the attack on the Bakchar Valley hospital
- •2. Rigalia is not obliged to scrutinize the attack and to compensate Ardenia for it
- •B. The act of Rigalia should be considered as a part of a legal and balanced antiterrorism operation
- •1. Actions of Rigalia were consistent with international law
- •2. Actions of Rigalia and Morgania were adequate to the situation
- •III. Rigalia’s limited ban of the Mavazi for Zetian women and girls is consistent with international law
- •A. Rigalia’s ban of the Mavazi for Zetian women and girls does not violate their rights under the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
- •B. Rigalia’s ban of the Mavazi for Zetian women and girls does not violate their rights under the Convention on the Rights of the Child
- •C. Rigalia’s ban of the Mavazi for Zetian women and girls protects their rights
- •1. “Mavazi ban” terminates the women discrimination and provide gender equality
- •2. Zetians girls and women wear Mavazi because they are threatened with beatings
- •3. Zetian girls and women wear Mavazi because they are may be punished by being confined to their homes for long periods of time if they refused to wear this garment
- •4. If Rigalian women refused to wear this full-veil, they are forced to leave the Zetian Provinces
- •IV. Ardenia’s failure to investigate and prosecute the alleged corruption and to provide legal assistance to Rigalia constitute breaches of the oecd Anti-Bribery Convention
- •A. Ardenia has been unfairly subtracting from its obligations to initiate a corruption inquiry
- •1. Rigalian authorities suspect mdi of bribery surrounding the renewal of the Moria Mine exploration contract
- •2. Rigalian authorities suspect mdi of bribing members of the provincial tribal councils in the Northern Provinces of Rigalia
- •B. Ardenia was obliged to provide legal assistance but did not respond to Rigalia's mla request
- •C. Ardenia breached the oecd Decision on mne Guidelines
- •Conclusion and prayer for relief
Conclusion and prayer for relief
For the forgoing reasons, the State of Rigalia respectfully requests this Honourable Court to adjudge and declare as follows:
I. That Rigalia’s Predator Drone strikes against Zetian terrorists in Rigalia and Ardenia are in accordance with provisions of international law, and that the Court has no reasons to order cessation of the drone attacks;
II. That Rigalia has no burden of investigation and compensation to Ardenia since it was not related to the attack on the Bakchar Valley hospital and that Rigalia’s actions were legal and balanced parts of operation to fight against Zetian terrorists;
III. That Rigalia’s limited "Mavazi ban" complies with international law;
IV. That Ardenia did not observe the OECD Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials, and Ardenian NCP breached the OECD Decision on MNE Guidelines.
All of which is Respectfully Submitted
Agents of the Respondent
1 International Convention for the Suppression of Terrorist Bombings, G.A. Res. 164, U.N. GAOR, 52nd Sess., Supp. No. 49, at 389, U.N. Doc. A/52/49 (1998), entered into force May 23, 2001. art. 2.
2 Ibid.
3 Ibid.
4 Compromis at para. 20.
5 Definition of Aggression, United Nations General Assembly Resolution 3314 (XXIX), 14 December 1974, art. 1.
6 Geneva Convention (IV) Relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War, 12 August 1949, art. 11.
7 See Charter of the United Nations, 26 June 1945, art. 51 [hereinafter U.N. Charter]; Case Concerning Military and Paramilitary Activities in and Against Nicaragua (Nicaragua v. United States of America), Merits, [1986] I.C.J. Rep. 14 at para. 195 [hereinafter Nicaragua].
8 See Case Concerning United States Diplomatic and Consular Staff in Tehran (Iran v. United States of America), [1980] I.C.J. Rep. 3 at para. 57. See also Yoram Dinstein, War, Aggression and Self-Defence, 3rd ed. (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2000) at 176 [hereinafter Dinstein].
9 See Case Concerning Armed Activities on the Territory of the Congo (Congo v. Uganda) (2006), 45 I.L.M. 271 at para. 146; Bruno Simma, ed. The Charter of the United Nations: A Commentary, 2nd ed. (New York: Oxford University Press, 2002) at 82.
10 See Case Concerning Armed Activities on the Territory of the Congo (Congo v. Uganda) Separate opinion of Judge Kooijmans, International Court of Justice, 2005, at para. 31.
11 See Dinstein, supra note 8 at 183. See also Judith Gardam, Necessity, Proportionality and the Use of Force By States (New York, Cambridge University Press, 2004) at 148-49.
12 See Nicaragua, supra note 7 at para. 237; See also Dinstein, supra note 8 at 184; Oscar Schachter, The Right of States to Use Armed Force (1984) 83 Mich. L. Rev. 1626 at 1635.
13 See Nicaragua, supra note 7 at para. 237.
14 Statute of the International Court of Justice, 26 June 1945, art. 36.
15 Human Rights Council, Promotion and protection of all human rights, civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights, including the right to development, Addendum, “Study on targeted killings”, UNGAOR, 14th Sess, UN Doc A/HRC/14/24/Add.6, 28 May 2010, at para. 79 [hereinafter Study on targeted killings].
16 Compromis at para. 28.
17 Ibid at para. 29.
18 Basic Principles and Guidelines on the Right to a Remedy and Reparation for Victims of Gross Violations of International Human Rights Law and Serious Violations of International Humanitarian Law, adopted and proclaimed by General Assembly resolution 60/147, (16 December 2005), section III, at para. 4 [hereinafter Remedy and Reparation].
19 Remedy and Reparation, supra note 18 section IX, art. 15.
20 U.N. Charter, supra note 7 art. 51.
21 Study on targeted killings, supra note 15 at para. 39.
22 Study on targeted killings, supra note 15 at para. 81.
23 Compromis at para. 28.
24 Cannizzaro, Enzo, “Contextualizing proportionality: jus ad bellum and jus in bello in the Lebanese war”, (2006) International review of the Red Cross, Volume 88 Number 864 December, at 783.
25 Compromis at para. 3.
26 Ibid.
27 International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (adopted 19 December 1966, entered into force 23 March 1976) 999 UNTS 171, art. 18 [hereinafter Civil and Political Rights].
28 Civil and Political Rights, supra note 27 art. 18.
29 Compromis at para. 18.
30 Ibid.
31 PACE, Parliamentary Assemble, Islamism and Islamophobia in Europe, by Mr Mogens Jensen, Doc. 12266 (25 May 2010), section B (3.13) [hereinafter Islamism and Islamophobia].
32 Convention on the Rights of the Child (adopted 20 November 1989, entered into force 2 September 1990) 1577 UNTS 3, art 14 [hereinafter Rights of the Child].
33 Ibid.
34 Compromis at para. 3.
35 Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (adopted 18 December 1979, entered into force 3 September 1981) 1249 UNTS 13 [hereinafter Discrimination against Women].
36 Ibid art. 1.
37 Ibid preamble.
38 Discrimination against Women, supra note 35 art. 2 (f).
39 Ibid art. 5.
40 Islamism and Islamophobia, supra note 31 section A (12).
41 Ibid section A (12).
42 Civil and Political Rights, supra note 27 art. 18.
43 Ibid art. 2.
44 Ibid art. 19.
45 Rights of the Child, supra note 32 art. 37.
46 Civil and Political Rights, supra note 27 art. 7.
47 Rights of the Child, supra note 32 art. 37.
48 Civil and Political Rights, supra note 27 art. 9.
49 Civil and Political Rights, supra note 27 art. 9.
50 OECD ‘Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions’ (signed 17 December 1997, entered into force 15 February 1999) OECD Doc DAFFE/IME/BR(97)20, Preamble [hereinafter Convention on Combating Bribery].
51 Ibid art. 1 (1).
52 Compromis at para. 22.
53 Ibid at para. 11.
54 Ibid.
55 Convention on Combating Bribery, supra note 50 art. 1 (4(a)).
56 Ibid, art. 1(1).
57 Convention on Combating Bribery, supra note 50 art. 1 (1).
58 Ibid.
59 Compromis at para. 12.
60 Convention on Combating Bribery, supra note 50 art. 1 (1).
61 Compromis at para. 3.
62 Ibid at para. 12.
63 Compromis at para. 22.
64 Compromis at para. 22.
65 OECD, Directorate for Financial, Fiscal and Enterprise Affairs, Working Papers No. 2003/2 (June 2003).
66 Ibid.
67 Ibid.
68 Convention on Combating Bribery, supra note 50 art. 9 (1).
69 Ibid art 9 (2).
70 Compromis at para. 16.
71 Susan Rose-Ackerman & Benjamin Billa, “Treaties and National Security”, 40 N.Y.U. J. Int'l L. & Pol. 437 (2008), reprinted in Yale Law School Faculty Scholarship Series, Paper 595, at 439.
72 Ibid at 439.
73 Compromis at para. 25.
74Ibid.
75 Compromis at para. 23.
76 Convention on Combating Bribery, supra note 50 art. 9.
77 Ibid art. 9 (1).
78 Compromis at para. 26.
79 Ibid.
80 OECD Commentary on the Implementation Procedures of the OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises (June 2000) at para. 6 [hereinafter Commentary on the Implementation Procedures].
81 Ibid at para. 12.
82 Compromis at para. 26.
83 Ibid.
84 OECD ‘Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises’ (June 2000) DAFFE/IME(2000)20, at section I (4) [hereinafter Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises].
85 Compromis at para. 26.
86 Ibid.
87 Compromis at para. 26.
88 Commentary on the Implementation Procedures, supra note 80 at para. 13.
89 OECD Decision of the Council ‘Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises’ (June 2000) DAFFE/IME(2000)20, Procedural Guidance at section I (B(3)).
90 Ibid at section I (B(3)).
91 Ibid at section I (10).
92 Ibid at section I (1(C)).
93 Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises, supra note 84 at section I (2(C)).
