- •Unit VII religion
- •4. Translate into English:
- •5. Render in English:
- •World religions
- •6. See if you know from which religions these people come:
- •Buddhism
- •7. Translate into English:
- •9. Translate int5o English:
- •8. Match the buildings with their definitions:
- •Christianity
- •10. Choose the right word and fill in the sentences:
- •A story behind the word: Vatican
- •11. Translate:
- •12. Match the words with their definitions:
- •The Bible
- •13.Translate:
- •14. Investigate the difference between the following: victim, prey, casualty, sacrifice
- •15. Choose a suitable word among: after investigating the difference between them.
- •Adam and Eve
- •Sodom and Gomorrah
- •Babel tower
- •16. Translate:
- •17.Complete the sentences with suitable words:
- •18.Translate:
- •Crusades
- •19. Answer the questions:
- •20. Choose the right word and complete the sentences:
- •1. Translate into English observing the rules of the sequence of tenses:
- •2. Translate into English using appropriate forms of the verb:
- •3. Translate into English:
- •4. Translate into English. Observe the rules of the sequence of tenses:
- •5. Translate into English:
- •6. Translate into English using appropriate pronouns:
- •7. Translate into English using appropriate forms of the verb:
- •8. Translate into English using the Gerund or the Infinitive:
- •9. Translate into English:
- •Unit VIII The Earth is Our Home
- •Gil Stern environmental pollution
- •Vocabulary extension:
- •1. Translate:
- •2. Use the Topical Vocabulary in answering the following questions:
- •What Is Global Warming?
- •Greenhouse effect
- •3.Translate into English:
- •Rendering material:
- •4. Translate from English:
- •5. Translate into English:
- •6. Read and discuss your reaction:
World religions
6. See if you know from which religions these people come:
Bishop |
a Buddhist prayer in Tibet |
Mufti |
a very powerful religious leader of the Shiite Muslims |
Sheikh |
the leader of the Roman Catholic church |
Ayatollah |
a priest in some protestant church |
Lama |
a Muslim religious leader or teacher |
Pope |
a priest or another religious minister responsible for the religious needs of the hospital, the army |
Rabbi |
someone who explains Muslim law |
Caliph |
a Jewish priest |
Pastor |
a Muslim religious leader or teacher |
Chaplain |
a priest with the high rank, the head of all the Christian churches and priest in a large area |
Buddhism
Buddhism is a religion and philosophy that developed from the teachings of the Buddha Gautama who lived as early as the 6th century BC. Spreading from India to Central and Southeast Asia, China, Korea, and Japan, Buddhism has played a central role in the spiritual, cultural, and social life of the Eastern world and during the 20th century has spread to the West.
Buddhism, claiming strict adherence to the teachings of the Buddha, recognizes as saints those who have attained Nirvana (the state of bliss) and hence salvation from samsara (the compulsory circle of rebirth) by their own efforts.
During the 19th and 20th centuries Buddhism has been forced to respond to new challenges and opportunities that cut across the regional religious and cultural patterns that characterized the Buddhist world in the premodern period. A number of Buddhist countries were subjected to Western rule, and even those that were not felt the heavy pressure of Western religious, political, economic, and cultural influence.
The Buddhist use a variety of measures to meet the challenge posed by the presence of Western Christian missionaries, often adopting modern Christian practices such as the establishment of Sunday schools, the distribution of tracts, and the like. They also attempted to strengthen the Buddhist cause through the initiation of Buddhist missions, including missions to the West, and through ecumenical cooperation among various Buddhist groups. Many Buddhist leaders--including many politically active monks--sought to associate Buddhism with various nationalist movements that were struggling to achieve political, economic, and cultural independence.
7. Translate into English:
Буддизм – найдревніша з трьох світових релігій. Він старше християнства на п'ять століть, а іслам молодший на цілих дванадцять сторіч. У суспільному житті, культурі, мистецтві багатьох азіатських країн буддизм зіграв роль не меншу, ніж християнство в країнах Європи й Америки.
Священною книгою буддистів є Тіпітака. Вона складається з трьох частин – трьох корзин (пітак). За традиційними переказами вчення Будди було записане його послідовниками невдовзі після його смерті. Першу частину складають правила для буддистів вищого рангу, в другій – записані промови Будди, а третя представляє канонічне буддійське вчення.
В буддизмі існує п’ять правил, що визначають режим життя в монастирі:
їсти можна лише у визначений час,
не можна танцювати, слухати музику, відвідувати театр, дивитися телевізор,
не можна прикрашувати себе дорогоцінностями, модним одягом, користуватися косметикою та парфумами,
не можна спати у широкому та м’якому ліжку,
не можна брати гроші за роботу (лише їжу).
Буддійський святий намагається стати незалежним від випадковостей природи чи збігу обставин, він прагне до абсолютної свідомості та внутрішнього спокою.
