Задания

1. Ответьте на следующие вопросы:

1. What minerals are most important? 2. In what form must minerals be presented? 3. What are main characteristics of the given minerals?

2. Расскажите по-английски о роли минералов в питании человека. Работа над текстом № 7 «cereals and cereal products»

Active Vocabulary:

cereals, grain, germ, embryo, endosperm; covering (shell, skin), abundant, abundancy; uniform, uniformly, uniformity; nutritive value; deficient, deficiency; to make up (to build up, to compose, to constitute); to influence/to affect; to reflect; to indicate, to predict, to believe, to belong, to feel, to found, to find; concern; term; to derive

From earliest time grain has been man’s chief means of life.

So important was its production that the ancient peoples of many lands believed that the protection of grain was the primary concern of one of the most powerful goddesses. From the name Ceres¹, given by the Romans to the goddess who was the protectress of grain, the term cereals, now so widely used, was derived.

The term cereals includes the plants of the grass family which are used as food. Wheat, rye, oats, barley, rice, corn (maize) and millet belong to this class, and buckwheat although not grass is here considered. The grain consists of the germ, and the endosperm with its coverings, which are the parts most utilized for human food.

The importance of the foods included, in this group is indicated by the part cereals have played and continue to play in world affairs. According to both myth and history the earlier civilizations were founded upon the growing of cereals and since that time the influence of cereal production has been constantly felt. The influence of cereals in world history is a reflection of their importance in the daily life of people.

Nutritive value. Cereals are excellent sources of energy. Starch, the valuable energy food, makes up three fourths of any cereal. Protein, the tissue-building food, although less abundant is present in significant amounts, composing about one eighth of the grain. The fat found in the grain, which varies in amount from 1/100 to 4/100 parts, is present mostly in the germ or embryo. This part, together with the outer covering, also contains the greater portion of the minerals and vitamins of the grain. The phosphorus content of the whole grains is relatively high, but the calcium is uniformly low. The amount of iron varies widely. Grains contain a generous amount of thiamine but are relatively less rich in riboflavin. The germ of wheat is an abundant source of vitamin E. Cereals in general are deficient in vitamin A.

1 – Церера

Задания

1. Ответьте на вопросы:

1. What plants belong to the group of cereals? 2. What was the term “cereals” derived from? 3. What does a wheat grain consist of? 4. Why are cereals very important in our life?

2. Кратко расскажите по-английски:

а) о главных характеристиках пшеницы;

б) о составе зерна пшеницы;

в) о роли злаковых/зерновых культур в жизни людей.