Вариант III

I. Перепишите предложения, подчеркните глагол-сказуемое в Passive

Voice. Переведите на русский язык.

1. The development of science is closely connected with the development of higher education.

2. These computers were programmed to provide an endless number of simple questions, and as the student answered these questions the facts were learned.

3. When the transformer was invented, the first electric lines and networks were set up.

4. It is known that much has been done in the world for the development of non- traditional sources of energy.

II. Определите функции глаголов to be, to have, to do. Предложения

переведите на русский язык.

1. Electricity has many important applications in industry as well as in our houses.

2. Some years later a motor with two speeds was designed.

3. Almost everything in the modern world is done with the help of computers – the complicated descendants (потомки) of the first calculating machine, invented by Ch. Babbage in 1812.

4. Computers do help students make a lot of calculations.

III. Перепишите предложения. Переведите на русский язык, обращая

внимание на функцию инфинитива (подлежащее, часть сказуемого,

дополнение, определение, обстоятельство).

1. The generator is the device to change mechanical energy into electric energy.

2. To design, construct and operate a laser system is a great technological achievement.

3. Lasers to be placed on Earth satellites will transform solar radiation into laser beams.

4. We must build as many power stations as possible to meet all the power needs in industry and agriculture.

5. To train highly scientific workers is extremely important for the development of science.

IV. Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на

инфинитивные конструкции (Complex Subject, Complex Object).

1. The a.c. (alternating current) used for power and lightning purposes is assumed to go through 50 cycles in one second.

2. The students saw the thermometer mercury fall to the fixed point.

3. The latest achievements in the field of superconductivity are certain to make a revolution in technology and industry.

4. We want the atomic energy to be used for peaceful construction.

V. Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на значения слов: as,

because, because of, due to, for, since, either ... or, neither ... nor,

both ... and.

1. As the devices were out of date it was decided not to install them.

2. Since the steam gives up its heat energy to drive the turbine its temperature and pressure fall.

3. The variety of purposes which electricity is used for nowadays is endless.

4. Both nuclear power and solar energy will be widely used in future.

5. Such satellites can contain either television cameras or photographic equipment for transmitting pictures to Earth.

6. The word “electricity” comes neither from English nor from Latin, it comes from the Greek word for “amber”.

7. Aluminium and its alloys are very useful due to good corrosion resistance combined with their light weight.

8. We could not continue our research because of the lack of data.

VI. Прочитайте текст, перепишите, письменно переведите на русский

язык.

Generators

The dynamo invented by Faraday in 1831 is certainly a primitive apparatus compared with the powerful, highly efficient generators and alternators that are in use today. Nevertheless, these machines operate on the same principle as the one invented by the great English scientist.

There are two types of dynamos, namely, the generator and the alternator. The former supplies d.c. which is similar to the current from a battery and the latter, as its name implies, provides a.c.

To generate electricity both of them must be continuously provided with energy from some outside source of mechanical energy such as steam engines, steam turbines or water turbines.

Both generators and alternators consist of the following principal parts: an armature and an electromagnet. The electromagnet of a d.c. generator is usually called a stator for it is in a static condition while the armature (the rotor) is rotating. Alternators may be divided into two types: 1. alternators that have a stationary armature and a rotating electromagnet; 2. alternators whose armature serves as a rotor (but this is seldom done). In order to get a strong e.m.f., the rotors in large machines rotate at a speed of thousands of revolutions per minute (r.p.m.). – The faster they rotate, the greater the output voltage the machine will produce.

In order to produce electricity under the most economical conditions, the generators must be as large as possible. In addition to it, they should be kept as fully loaded as possible all the time. It is interesting to note here that the biggest generators ever installed at any hydroelectric station in the world are those installed in the former USSR. As you are likely to remember the Bratskaya hydroelectric station is equipped with 225,000 kilowatt (kW) generators. Soviet scientists constructed more powerful generators which are installed at the Krasnoyarskaya station. The Konakovskaya, the Zaporoshskaya and the Uglegorskaya steam power-stations have large rated capacity. Our industry produces even greater power installations of 1,200 MW.

Notes on the text:

d.c. – direct current

a.c. – alternating current

e.m.f. – electromotive force

rafed capacity – номинальная мощность

VII. Письменно ответьте на вопросы по содержанию текста:

1. What do we need electricity for?

2. What are dynamo electric machines used for?

3. What are the principle parts of a generator?