The Ministries

The Department ministries are important ministiers who at the head of Great Departments of State.

The head of some departments are known as Secretaries of State (гос секретари). They deal with Home Affairs (Министерство внутренних дел), Foreign Affairs (Министерство иностранных дел), Scotland Affairs, Commonwealth Relations and so on. The other heads of departments are called Ministers.

Non-Department Ministries - these ministries had old traditional titles which do not really tell the nature of work they do. The PM chooses them from special responsibilities. These special duties vary from time to time.

Ministers of State (Гос министры) – they are Deputy (заместители) in departments where the work is particular heavy. A present there are 5 ministers of state in four departments.

Junior Ministers are younger men, they relieve (помогают) the ministers of some of their ??? taking part in Parliamentary debates. The official title of a Junior Minister is Parliamentary Secretary.

The Secretary of State for the whole Department (The Home Secretary) – he is in charge for maintaining Law and Order and therefore he takes a king interests in official see of the police poses through all the country. He is also in charge of the prisons, the organization of Magistrates Courts (Мировые суды) and ect.

The Lord Chancellor is the Speaker of the House of Lords and he is at the head of Judges (???). In addition he is in charge of more then 22 different offices which are mainly contend with legal practice.

The Minister of Defense (Министр Обороны) - he has very wide powers indeed because all the traditional ??? are being changed to suit a new automatic age in which we’re living now. He coordinates the work of three departments which are subordinated (зависят) to him – they are the NEVY (морской флот), The Army and The Air Force.

The President of Board and Trade (Министр торговли) - responsible for Britain commercial industry and over sea trade.

The Minister of Labor and National Service (Министерство труда и занятости населения) – he is in charge of provision and employment (занятость) and helping employers (работодателям) to find suitable implorers.

The Minister of Power (Министр энергетики) – this post has been created quite recently. It deals with receive the provision of coal, gas, electricity and automatic power for generating electricity. He also deals with patrol industry.

The Law Officers (Министры законодательства) are government legal advisers and appear in Court in important cases.

All the ministers act as members of a team rather then as individuals. Each minister must share full respond for the work of his colleagues and other departments and he must be prepared to support the government on all issues even though they do not directly concern (требующие участия) this work. All ministers are responsible to the Parliament – this is the most important feature.

The British Parliament

Parliament in Britain is an ancient institution dating the beginning of the 13^th century though it was established in 1265 by Simon de Montfort. Now the home of the British Parliament is the Palace of Westminster. It’s called a palace because until the reign of Henry the 8^th it was one of the Homes of the kings of England. The name Westminster means Minister or Monastery (монастырь) to the West of London. There used to be a small church and monastery in the 11^th century on the side of which Westminster Abbey now stands. In the 11^th century king Edward the Confessor built a palace. Later his successor extended it and made it the Home. Government and the Court (двор) moved into the neighborhood and central seat of power was established.

For nearly 500 years Westminster served as a royal residence, seat of power and monastery.

Parliament of legislature and the Supreme (высший) Assort (класс) – it consists of 3 elements: The Monarch, The House of Lords and The House of Commons.

They meet together only on occasions of ceremonial significance (for example, the opening of Parliament).

Parliament has the following functions:

• Passing or abolishing Laws

• Voting on taxation in order to provide money for carrying government , debating government policy and administration and any other major issues

The House of Commons consists of 650 elected members – Members of Parliament (MPs), age of whom represents an area or constitutions of the UK and is elected.

The government which is the part of Parliament is formed by the political party which has the majority in the House of Commons. It’s leader the Prime-Minister (PM).

The second largest party becomes the official position with its leader and ‘Shadow Cabinet”.

The House of Commons is presided (контролировать) over by the Speaker. MPs are paid for their work and have to attend to seats which usually begin at 10 a.m.

New Laws may be proposed in Parliament either by the Government or by Private Impeach (???) or by members of the House of Lords. The proposed Law is known as a bill (законопроект).

When it has been finally past, bill becomes an Act of Parliament.

The House of Lords has more then 1,200 members now who have the right to sit and vote in the House of Lords. Most of them are hereditary besides the queen grants Peerages to certain outstanding individuals. Amount members of Lords are Archbishop of Canterbury and York and 24 Anglican Senior Bishops, hereditary Peers, 11 Judges and 1085 live Peers .And unlike impeers (члены парламента) they dо not receive a salary (за даром).

The powers of the Lords are limited by Law and Convention. The debating persuade of two Houses are very similar (3 readings) and bills approved at all stages and then to the royal Assent (санкция) and become the Acts of Parliament.

The Lords have the power to right public laws but rarely do it. It’s most important role is to review laws proposed by the House of Commons.

The House of Lords is the only non-elected second chair member (2 палата) among all the democrats in the world and some people in Britain would like to abolish it.