Тема 2: Environment Protection

Задание 1. Запомните следующие слова и словосочетания:

to contaminate – загрязнять soil – почва

to pollute – загрязнять harmful – вредный

to be extinct – вымирать fuel – топливо

rain-forest – тропический лес to destroy – уничтожать

environment – окружающая среда to detect – обнаруживать

Задание 2. Прочитайте и переведите текст. Подготовьтесь к пересказу текста на английском языке.

The Earth is our home but much of it is dirty now. It is becoming contaminated with dangerous materials. Industry, agriculture, transport, power plants are polluting the atmosphere, soil and water with substances that are harmful to all living things.

Every year people cut down more trees to provide paper, wood, medicines, mineral fuel. But it is not only trees that disappear, many animals, birds, fish, insects may be extinct. Every rain-forest also contains millions of animals, insects and flowers and they are destroyed too. We should protect certain areas and plant new forests. A number of rivers and lakes dry up. Nuclear power station is another source of pollution. It produces radiation which is dangerous for people’s health.

Ecology is the science dealing with relation between living organisms and their environment. It is a very important science because it concerns the future of our planet. The most general law for every citizen of any civilized country is to worry about environment protection.

In most industrially developed countries the rational utilization of resources is a matter of a state policy. In our country the State Committee of the Russian Federation for Environment Protection is responsible for organization of control over the sources of pollution.

The present-day ecologists, specialists in safety engineering and labour protection, factory managers and engineers use special sorts of technique to monitor and detect pollution. They ought to take measures so as to make the environmental situation better. But aside from them, the numerous groups of people are engaged in environmental problems as volunteers, for example, the world-known Greenpeace organization.

II. Контрольные задания по грамматике Вариант 1

1. Укажите предложения, содержащие инфинитив:

1.1. They wanted to cross the river. a) да,

1.2. May I use your telephone? b) нет

1.3. He began to work late yesterday.

1.4. They will go to the Crimea next summer.

2. Выберите соответствующий вариант перевода предложений:

2.1. She has nobody to speak to.

a) Ей не с кем поговорить.

b) Она ни с кем не разговаривает.

2.2. He is glad to have been helped.

a) Он очень рад помогать.

b) Он рад, что ему помогли.

2.3. It is more pleasant to give presents.

a) Приятно, когда дарят подарки.

b) Более приятно дарить подарки.

2.4. He is sorry to have said that.

a) Он сожалеет, что сказал это.

b) Ему жаль говорить об этом.

3. Укажите соответствующий вариант перевода инфинитива:

3.1. To get the book she went to the library.

a) достать, b) достал, с) чтобы достать

3.2. She went to the library to read books.

a) чтобы читать, b) читает, с) читала

3.3. He pretended to be reading the newspaper.

a) прочитал, b) читает, с) читая

3.4. The text to be translated was rather difficult.

a) был переведен, b) переводить, с) который надо перевести

3.5. He was sorry to have interrupted the lecturer.

a) прервал, b) прервать, c) прервали

4. Заполните пропуски соответствующей формой инфинитива:

4.1. They can … this problem after the classes. a) discuss; b) to discuss;

4.2. The problem … isn’t easy at all. c) to be discussed;

4.3. They will … their plans next week. d) to have discussed.

5. Определите тип инфинитивного оборота:

5.1. He seems to read a lot. a) Complex Object

5.2. She is likely to have sent the letter. b) Complex Subject

5.3. They expected their son to return soon. c) For-phrase

5.4. He gave the book for me to read

5.5. The mother saw the children swim in the river.

5.6. He would like me to come.

5.7. It is for you to decide.

5.8. The doctor made me take the medicine.

6. Выберите соответствующий вариант перевода предложений:

6.1. I heard him shut the door of the room.

a) Я слышал, как он закрыл дверь комнаты.

b) Я слышал его через дверь комнаты.

6.2. Our teacher is said to know 2 foreign languages.

a) Наш учитель сказал, что знает 2 иностранных языка.

b) Говорят, что наш учитель знает 2 иностранных языка.

6.3. All bodies are known to possess weight.

a) Известно, что все тела обладают массой.

b) Все тела обладают известной массой.

6.4. She wants the work to be done well.

a) Она хочет выполнить работу хорошо.

b) Она хочет, чтобы работа была выполнена хорошо.

6.5. She is not likely to change her opinion.

a) Она не любит менять свое мнение.

b) Маловероятно, что она изменит свое мнение.

6.6. The actress was reported to have arrived in Paris already.

a) Актриса сообщила, что уже прибыла в Париж.

b) Сообщили, что актриса уже прибыла в Париж.

7. Заполните пропуск соответствующей формой инфинитива:

7.1. This is the rule for you … . a) learn, b) to learn,

7.2. I saw him … English. c) to be learnt,

7.3. The poem is said … by all the students. d) to have learnt

8. Определите тип предложения:

8.1. I saw Mike when he was crossing the street. a) простое;

8.2. They took the bus and went to the Academy. b) сложносочиненное;

8.3. Strong wind was blowing and the storm began. c) сложноподчиненное

8.4. He will get a good job if he presents his resume.

9. Употребите соответствующее средство связи:

9.1. She didn’t go to the theatre … she was ill. a) if; b) so; c) why;

9.2. … the weather is fine, we’ll go for a walk. d) because; e) where;

9.3. I remembered … I had left my documents. f) how; g) who;

9.4. I have a sister … lives in Germany. h) though; i) what;

9.5. The problem is … we can get to the river. j) not so … as

9.6. … I was tired, I prepared my homework.

9.7. … she heard impressed her very much.

III. Текст и задания к нему Вар.1

Задание 1. Переведите текст в письменном виде.

Engineering is often defined as making practical application of theoretical sciences such as physics and mathematics. Many of the early branches of engineering were based not on science but on empirical information that depended on observation and experience.

The result of the rapid expansion of scientific knowledge was an increase in the number of engineering specialities. By the end of the 19-th century were established mechanical, civil, mining, metallurgical engineering and the newer specialities of chemical and electrical engineering also emerged. This growth in the number of specialities is continuing with the development of such industrial branches as aerospace, nuclear, petroleum and electronic engineering.

Engineers design and make machines, equipment, devices and the like. Such work requires creative ability and knowledge of scientific principles. Nowadays engineers have new stronger materials to work with and enormous new sources of power. The engineer must be aware of the various processes and could be working in any of the following areas: the organization of manufacture, research and development, design, construction, sales and education.

The engineering industry makes most of the things that are essential and useful: aerospace, cars, hospital equipment, telecommunications and even the humble kettle. Engineering also makes most of the things other industries need from cash dispensers and electronic mail for the banking industry to microphones and staging for the entertainment industry. In the production of everything from chocolates to the spaceships the key individuals are the engineers.

Because of the large number of engineering fields today there are often many different kinds of engineers working on large projects such as development of nuclear power or new aircraft. In the design of a new aircraft mechanical engineers work not only on the plane’s engines but on other mechanical aspects such as braking system. When the aircraft goes into production mechanical and industrial engineers are involved in designing the machines necessary to fabricate different parts as well as the entire system for assembling them. In both phases of such a project mechanical engineers work in cooperation with specialists in aerospace and electronic engineering. Each engineer is a member of a team and contributes to successful execution of the project.

Задание 2. Найдите в тексте и выпишите английские эквиваленты следующих речевых отрезков:

1) отрасль машиностроения; 2) зависеть от; 3) наблюдение; 4) проектиро-вать и изготавливать машины; 5) творческие способности; 6) инженер должен знать; 7) организация производства; 8) система торможения; 9) изготавливать различные системы; 10) инженер-механик; 11) работать в сотрудничестве; 12) успешное выполнение.