- •Content
- •Unit 1. History of use
- •1.1 Introduction
- •2. Complete the following words from the text:
- •Write down all the nouns from the text in plural.
- •Write down all irregular verbs and their three forms.
- •1.2 Exploitation of surface seeps
- •1.3 Extraction from underground reservoirs
- •2. Answer the following questions:
- •3. Find the equivalents to these sentences from the text:
- •4. Unscramble the following words:
- •5. Write all the following nouns in plural.
- •6.Complete the table ( pay attention to degrees of comparision):
- •1.4. Significance of oil in modern times
- •Find the meaning of these words:
- •Find the definitions for these sentences:
- •Read the text again and complete the sentences:
- •Make the following sentences negative and put into the interrogative form:
- •Make up your own sentences with the following words:
- •Mark the tense-forms of the verbs and translate the sentences.
- •Unit 2. Properties of oil
- •2.1 Physical properties
- •2.2 Specific gravity
- •2.3 Boiling and freezing points
- •2.4 Measurement systems
- •Give the synonyms:
- •Give the translation of the sentences:
- •3. Translate the words and word combinations:
- •Unit 3. Origin of crude oil
- •3.1 From planktonic remains to kerosene
- •3.2 From kerosene to petroleum
- •Find the equivalents:
- •Translate the sentences:
- •Find the suitable answer:
- •Make questions using the words below.
- •Make the indicated forms of the verbs:
- •Unit 4. World distribution of oil
- •4.1 Oil fields
- •4.2 Sedimentary basins
- •4.3 Geologic study and exploration
- •Make up sentences and translate them
- •Add the sentences and translate them
- •Find the opposites:
- •4.4 Status of the world oil supply
- •1. Complete the following words from the text:
- •2. Write down the nouns in plural:
- •3. Make the following sentences negative and put into the interrogative:
- •4.5 Major oil-producing countries
- •Saudi Arabia
- •United States, Mexico, and Canada
- •Iraq, Kuwait, and Iran
- •United Kingdom
- •4.6 Undiscovered resources
- •Write Tense and Voice and translate the forms below:
- •Write down all the sentences with modal verbs and their equivalents from the text and translate them.
- •3.Write the interrogative forms:
- •Unit 5. The oil well
- •5.1 Drilling a) Cable tooling
- •Answer the questions
- •2. Find equivalents from the text
- •1. Answer the questions
- •2. Find equivalents from the text
- •1. Answer the questions
- •2. Find equivalents from the text
- •3. Write the following words in correct order and translate them:
- •1. Answer the questions
- •2. Find equivalents from the text
- •3. Make the following sentences negative and put into the interrogative:
- •1. Answer the questions
- •2. Find equivalents from the text
- •3. Complete the table ( pay attention to degrees of comparision):
- •1. Answer the questions
- •2. Find equivalents from the text
- •Переносит осколки на поверхность g) Directional drilling
- •5.2 Offshore platforms a) Shallow water
- •1. Answer the questions
- •2. Find equivalents from the text
- •3. Write Tense and Voice and translate the forms below:
- •4. Find the Infinitive and Participles in these sentences, mark their functions and translate the sentences:
- •5 Construct the following sentences and translate them:
- •5.3 Well logging and drill-stem testing
- •5. Mark the types of the Complex Sentences and translate them.
- •5.4 Well completion a) Production tubing
- •1. Answer the questions
- •2. Find equivalents from the text
- •3. Mark the tense-forms and the Voice of the verbs:
- •1. Answer the questions
- •2. Find equivalents from the text
- •3. Put these sentences into the Present, Past and Future Indefinite forms. Translate them.
- •1. Answer the questions
- •2. Find equivalents from the text
- •3. Find the Complex sentences and mark their types. Translate them. D) Gas cycling
- •5.5 Surface equipment
- •5.6 Storage and transport
- •5. Write the following words in correct order to make sentences and translate them:
- •Grammar reference
- •Infinitive Past Participle II Translation
Iraq, Kuwait, and Iran
The Middle Eastern countries of Iraq, Kuwait, and Iran are each estimated to have had an original oil endowment in excess of 100,000,000,000 barrels. These countries have a number of supergiant fields, all of which are located in the Arabian-Iranian basin, including Kuwait's Al-Burqān field. Al-Burqān is the world's second largest oil field, having originally contained 75,000,000,000 barrels of recoverable oil. Iraq possesses a significant potential for additional oil discoveries.
United Kingdom
The United Kingdom is an important North Sea exporter; however, as its undiscovered resource potential appears somewhat limited, it may require more of its oil output for internal use in the future.
4.6 Undiscovered resources
With an estimated 77 percent of the world's total recoverable oil endowment having already been discovered, the remaining 23 percent, mostly located in smaller fields or in more difficult environments, is expected to become ever more expensive to find and to recover. More than 11,000 man-years were required to construct the largest of the North Sea gravity platforms, making capital costs per daily oil production as much as 40 times the costs in the Middle East. A guyed tower constructed in more than 300 metres of water in the Gulf of Mexico has been estimated to produce oil at about 65 times the production cost in the Middle East. As oil exploitation moves into deeper waters or under Arctic ice, the cost will further escalate and will be reflected in the world economy.
Write Tense and Voice and translate the forms below:
1. Is contained___________________________________
2. Began________________________________________
3. Have been discovered____________________________
4. Have been found_________________________________
5. Are distributed___________________________________
6. Discovered______________________________________
7. Contained_______________________________________
8. Are associated___________________________________
9. Have been generated______________________________
10. Is preserved____________________________________
Write down all the sentences with modal verbs and their equivalents from the text and translate them.
3.Write the interrogative forms:
1. More than 90 percent of these fields are insignificant in their impact on world oil production.
2. The Arabian-Iranian sedimentary basin in the Persian Gulf region contains two-thirds of these supergiant fields.
3. Giant petroleum fields and significant petroleum-producing sedimentary basins are closely associated.
Unit 5. The oil well
drilling |
бурение |
cable tooling |
крепление тросом |
chisel-shaped bit |
долото бура |
rotary drill |
турбобур |
penetration method |
метод прохода |
weighted fluid |
взвешенная жидкость |
drill pipe |
обсадная труба, бурильная труба |
kelly |
верхняя часть обсадной трубы |
drill collars |
нижняя часть обсадной трубы |
turntable |
поворотная платформа, круг |
derrick |
башенная вышка |
hoisting equipment |
подъемное оборудование |
casing |
крепление скважины обсадными трубами |
circumference |
окружность, периферия |
directional drilling |
направленное бурение |
to scour |
прочищать |
well logging |
буровой журнал работы |
drill-stem |
буровая штанга |
well completion |
оснастка скважины |
production tubing |
|
perforating |
просверливание |
fracturing |
дробление |
barge |
баржа |
treater |
продукты обогащения |
valve |
клапан |