- •Передмова
- •Contents
- •Lesson 1
- •Find in the text English equivalents for the following Ukrainian words and word combinations:
- •Read and translate the text: Deformation and Stress
- •The definitions of the words are given. Try to guess these words.
- •8. Match English words with their Ukrainian equivalents:
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Translate the following words and word combinations into Ukrainian:
- •Match the first part of the sentence (1-7) with the second part (a-g).
- •Finish the following sentences:
- •9. Make a summary of the text. Lesson 2
- •Find in the text English equivalents for the following Ukrainian words and word combinations:
- •Read and translate the text: Types of Deformation
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Complete the sentences with the appropriate words from the text:
- •Make up word combinations from the following words, translate them into Ukrainian.
- •Finish the following sentences:
- •Match the words with their definitions:
- •8. Match English words with their Ukrainian equivalents:
- •9. Express the main idea of the text in the shortest possible way. Lesson 3
- •Find in the text English equivalents for the following Ukrainian words and word combinations:
- •Read and translate the text: Compressive Stress
- •Answer the following questions:
- •The definitions of the words are given. Try to guess these words.
- •Make up word combinations from the following words, translate them into Ukrainian.
- •Decide whether the statements below are true or false:
- •Lesson 4
- •Find in the text English equivalents for the following Ukrainian words and word combinations:
- •Tensile Strength
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Match the English phrases with their Ukrainian equivalents:
- •Decide whether the statements below are true or false:
- •The definitions of the words are given. Try to guess these words.
- •Lesson 5
- •Find in the text English equivalents for the following Ukrainian words and word combinations:
- •Controlling Shock and Vibration in Electronic Products
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Match the first part of the sentence (1-7) with the second part (a-g).
- •Match the words with their definitions:
- •Complete the sentences with the appropriate words from the text:
- •Lesson 6
- •Find in the text English equivalents for the following Ukrainian words and word combinations:
- •Random Vibration. Design Rules of Thumb
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Put these words in to the right order to make sentences:
- •Match the English phrases with their Ukrainian equivalents:
- •Complete the sentences with the appropriate words from the text:
- •Finish the following sentences:
- •8. Match English words with their Ukrainian equivalents:
- •9. Express the main idea of the text in the shortest possible way. Lesson 7
- •Find in the text English equivalents for the following Ukrainian words and word combinations:
- •Read and translate the text: From the History of Strength Theories
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Match the words with their definitions:
- •Put these words in to the right order to make sentences:
- •Make up word combinations from the following words, translate them into Ukrainian:
- •Decide whether the statements below are true or false:
- •8. Match English words with their Ukrainian equivalents:
- •9. Make a plan of the text. Lesson 8
- •Find in the text English equivalents for the following Ukrainian words and word combinations:
- •Read and translate the text: Mohr's Strength Theories
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Finish the following sentences:
- •Translate the following words and word combinations into Ukrainian:
- •Put these words in to the right order to make sentences:
- •Complete the sentences with the appropriate words from the text.
- •8. Match English words with their Ukrainian equivalents:
- •9. Give subtitles to each paragraph of the text. Lesson 9
- •Find in the text English equivalents for the following Ukrainian words and word combinations:
- •Read and translate the text: Strength Theories
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Decide, whether the statements below are true or false:
- •Match the first part of the sentence (1-7) with the second part (a-g).
- •Translation Techniques
- •References:
Translation Techniques
Translation is the act of translating or something that has been translated from one language to another.
The purpose of translation is to reproduce various kinds of texts in another language and thus making them available to wider readers.
Good translation techniques help you to translate in a very efficient way. Using them, you aim to get the maximum benefit from your translation with the minimum effort.
1. Borrowing
This means taking words straight into another language.
2. Calques
This is a literal translation at phrase level.
3. Literal translation
This translation is usually used to translate literary texts.
4. Transposition
This is the mechanical process. Grammatical structures are not often identical in different languages.
5. Modulation
Slightly more abstract than transposition, this consists of using a phrase that is different in the source and target languages to convey the same idea.
6. Reformulation
Here you have to express something in a completely different way, for example when translating idioms or, even harder, advertising slogans.
7. Adaptation
Here something specific to the source language culture is expressed in a totally different way that is familiar or appropriate to the target language culture.
8. Compensation
It can be used where something cannot be translated from source to target language, and the meaning that is lost in the immediate translation is expressed somewhere else.
References:
Большой политехнический словарь: В 2-х т. - М., 1999
Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English - M., 1997
The Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English - M., 1999
Eric H. Glendinning, Norman Glendinning – OXFORD English for Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, Oxford University Press, 1995
Engineering (Workshop) Lindsay White, Oxford University Press, 2003
Professional Engineering – (www.profeng.com)
Professional Engineering – on-line technical magazine for professionals (www.professionalcareers.net)
Hall E.J. 1977. English for Careers: The language of mechanical engineering in English. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall Regents.
Publishing of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers – Journal of Fluids Engineering
Popular Mechanics – technical magazine (www.popularmechanics.com)
Web Resources: www.science-library.com.ua, www.scienceworld.com, www.wikipedia.com.