Speaking:

Exercise 7. Give the summary of the text, using key vocabulary and tell about:

1. division of metallic materials into groups;

2. qualities of ferrous metals;

3. characteristics of non-ferrous metals;

4. what materials can be alloying elements;

5. the role of alloying elements.

Checklist for Section II:

1. What are the Tense forms of Passive Voice?

2. What is the meaning of suffixes –ful and - less?

3. What are ferrous and non-ferrous metals?

4. What are characteristic features of these groups?

Section III. Metals and Alloys

Grammar : Compound Conjunctions.

Word-formation: Conversion.

Speaking: Properties of metals and alloys.

Practise the reading of the words:

medium	[′mI:djəm]
temperature	[′temprItə]
although	[ɔ:l′ðou]
ductile	[′dΛktaIl]
characterize	[′kærIktəraIz]
thermal	[′θə:məl]
artificial	[/ɑ:tI′fIəl]

Learn the pronunciation and meaning of the words:

nodular cast iron		чугун с шаровидным графитом
malleable cast iron	[′mælIəbl]	ковкий чугун
flake		зерно (минерала)
ferrite		феррит (структурная составляющая стали и чугуна, представляющая собой чистое железо)
pearlite	[′pə:lIt]	перлит (структурная составляющая стали, представляющая собой мельчайшую смесь железа и карбида железа)
damping		амортизация
roller		ролик, каток, вал, валец
rolling mill		прокатный стан
manganese	[/mæηgə′nI:z]	марганец
foundry		литейное дело, литье, литейный цех
surgery	[′sə:dჳərI]	хирургия
oxygen	[′ɔksIdჳən]	кислород

Vocabulary development: word building:

Exercise 1. Translate the original and derivative words, using a dictionary and create several new words by adding suffixes:

verb	noun (abstract)	noun (personal)	adjective
to transform	transformation transformer	-	-
ограничивать	limit limitation	-	limitary ограничивающий limited limitless
to add	addition additive	-	additional
формировать	form formation former	former	formative бывший, прежний
to desire	желание desirability	-	desirous desirable

Exercise 2. Translate the sentences, paying attention to compound conjunctions:

1. In ancient states the use of iron, either cast or wrought, was rather limited.

2. It is known that both ferrous and non-ferrous metals are widely used.

3. The carbon content may be either less or higher than 2,14 %.

4. Graphite flakes in gray cast iron are surrounded by either ferrite or pearlite.

5. Both ferrous and non-ferrous metals possess many characteristic features.

6. Some alloying elements can form either compounds or carbides.

Text

Read the text about the properties of some metals resulting in alloys: