Упражнения.

1. Переведите следующие словосочетания:

If heated, when received, if cooled, if analyzed, when proved, when obtained, when compared, if separated, when discussed, if employed, when reduced, when accelerated, when created, when crossed.

2. Переведите предложения:

1. When heated, glass can be easily worked. 2. Insulated, the wire may be used as a conductor. 3. This metal when examined showed valuable properties. 4. When cooled, water turns into ice. 5. When seen last, he was in that laboratory. 6. When compressed a gas changes its volume. 7. If properly regulated the motor will run smoothly. 8. If carried out carefully, the experiment can give reliable data. 9. Unless heated this substance does not melt.

Perfect Participle.

Perfect Participle (active and passive) выражает действие, предшествовавшее действию, выраженному личной формой глагола – сказуемого. Как правило, выполняет в предложении функцию обстоятельств.

Perfect Participle (Active) образуется сочетанием причастия I от глагола to have (having) и 3 формы глагола.

Perfect Participle (Active) в функции обстоятельства переводится деепричастием совершённого вида.

Например: Having finished his work, …

Закончив работу, …

Упражнения.

1. Образуйте Perfect Participle (Active) от следующих глаголов и переведите их.

Например: to discover (открывать) – having discovered (открыв)

To boil (кипятить), to heat (нагревать), to form (образовать), to measure (измерять), to reduce (уменьшать), to solve (растворять), to divide (делить), to mention (упоминать), to check (проверять), to come (приходить), to freeze (замораживать), to set (помещать).

2. Переведите следующие предложения:

1. Having considered the problem, we arrived at a definite conclusion. 2.Having discussed the experimental data at the conference he decided to publish them without delay. 3. Having spent much time studying catalysts, the scientists now use them widely in chemical industry. 4. Having heated up two reacting gases, we speed up the atoms and molecules. 5. Having predicted the properties of some elements Mendeleyev left several blanks in his table. 6. Having obtained the necessary compound we could finish our experiment.

Perfect Participle (Passive) образуется по схеме: having been + P. II.

Perfect Participle (Passive) в функции обстоятельства переводится обстоятельственным придаточным предложением.

Например:

Having been finished in time the work was very useful.

Так как работа была закончена вовремя, она была очень полезна.

Упражнения.

1. Образуйте Perfect Participle (Passive) от следующих глаголов:

To take – having been taken.

To solve, to receive, to build, to find, to learn.

2. Переведите следующие предложения:

1.Having been well tested the machine was put into operation. 2. Having been given due attention the problem was successfully solved. 3. Having been repaired, the engine began operating better. 4. Having been warmed to 0⁰ ice began to melt. 5. Having been studied for many centuries the properties of oxygen are known rather well. 6. Having been cooled to a very low temperature many substances acquire quite new properties. 7. Having been weighed with insufficient accuracy the substance could not be used in quantitative analysis.