Практическое занятие №16 Тема: Транспортно-логистическая схема доставки груза.

Transport-logistic scheme of delivery

Цель работы: ознакомление с английской терминологией, относящейся к вопросу выбора того или иного вида транспортного средства для осуществления успешной перевозки конкретного груза из пункта отправления в пункт назначения и формирование у студента навыков по чтению профессиональной литературы на английском языке.

Текст 1. BY RAIL, BY ROAD, BY AIR OR BY SEA - IT IS A MATTER OF OPTIONS

Do you want your cargo to be shipped quickly and efficiently? Does time matter or are freight charges a more decisive factor? Are your goods perishable commodities, live animals or human organs and do they need special treatment? Is your freight general cargo (FAK = Freight All Kind), bulk cargo such as wheat and corn, standardized or containerized cargo? Can it be consolidated with other cargo? Can it be palletized and built up on an aircraft Unit Load Device, a ULD?

You will consider different transport modes depending on the size and nature of the consignment, length of the trip and urgency of the shipment. In many cases multimodal carriage is necessary, such as a combination of air, road, sea and rail. This multimodal transportation has been facilitated by the use of standardized containers, which permits quick and efficient transfer of cargo from one carrier type to another.

The four main transportation modes each have their advantages and disadvantages. Airfreight is by far the quickest but can be costly for large consignments. Road haulage can offer door-to-door service over short distances. Rail can carry freight on a regular schedule, fairly unaffected by road congestion or weather conditions. Ships have a very high pay load capacity and offer large-scale and low-cost transportation over long distances.

It is a freight forwarder's job to seek the best route and contract the best carrier for your shipment. You as a shipper or consignor rely on the forwarder's expertise to give you confidence that your consignment is forwarded to the consignee or addressee in a timely manner and in good order.

To improve efficiency and to reduce transportation costs, freight with the same destination is grouped or consolidated. Good planning also involves arranging for cargo transportation on return trips when possible, i.e. planning a back load, as cargo planes that return empty result in an unnecessary loss of revenue. The forwarder — if instructed by the shipper — also arranges for insurance to cover possible loss or damage during transport.

Пояснения к тексту

Option — выбор

matter — иметь значение

decisive — решающий

treatment — обращение

consolidate — консолидировать — группировать мелкие партии в более крупные, в контейнеры;

palletized cargo — паллетизированный груз, уложенный на под­доны

build up on an ULD — закладывать в УЛД, формировать в УЛД

consider — рассматривать

urgency — срочность

facilitate— облегчать; содействовать; способствовать

permit — позволять, давать возможность

transfer — перевалка

transportation mode — вид транспорта; способ транспортировки

advantages and disadvantages — достоинства и недостатки

pay load capacity — коммерческая грузоподъемность, вместимость

expertise — знания, опыт

give confidence — уверять

forward — отправлять

to improve (efficiency) — повышать (эффективность)

to reduce (costs) — снижать (издержки)

return trip — обратный рейс, обратное направление

result in — иметь результатом

revenue — доход

container freight station (CFS) — контейнерная товарная станция — склад формирования (консолидации) контейнеров, расформирования реконсолидации) контейнеров.

Практиеское задание.

1. Найдите в тексте синонимы для следующих слов:

1. freight; 2. costs; 3. consignment; 4. to group freight; 5 commodities; 6. shipper; 7. addressee; 8. carriage; 9. to forward.

2. Ответьте на вопросы.

1. What factors matter, when you consider different transport modes for the shipment of your cargo?

1. In what cases is multimodal transportation quite necessary?

2. What are the advantages of the use of standardized containers?

3. Describe the characteristics of four main transportation modes.

4. Why does the shipper or consignee rely on a freight forwarder when they need the cargo to be transported from the point of shipment to the point of destination quickly and efficiently?

Текст 2. TWO INTERVIEWS WITH PEOPLE WHO PREFER EITHER AIR OR ROAD TRANSPORT

The first interview is with Mr. Hughes:

Which mode of transport do you use most in your company?

We normally send all our exports by air now. We started to do this because we wanted some of our products to arrive quickly, because they can go out of fashion (выйти из моды) quite quickly.

Isn't air transport very expensive?

No, not really. We discovered that it didn't cost as much as we thought it might. We have less capital tied up (вовлеченный) in transit and it encourages (поощряет) our clients to pay more promptly (быстро), which again improves our cash flow (движение платежей).

The kind of product we supply is fragile (хрупкие грузы) — it has to arrive quickly and undamaged. Our packing costs are I quite low and we have fewer breakages. We can palletize most of what we send out.

Do your clients see the advantages of air transport?

Yes, they do. Our customers appreciate our using airfreight: they know that they will get the goods in prime condition and very quickly. And because they're pleased and impressed, we can rely on them to pay promptly and we get a higher proportion of repeat business (повторных заказов).

To conclude, can you repeat the main reasons for you to use air transport?

It might sound surprising perhaps, but we think air transport i quite economical. Although the rates are high in comparison to other modes of transport (and these rates are standardized, so you can't shop around (искать более выгодные ставки) the savings с insurance and packing costs help to compensate for this. And the simplified documentation makes the procedures much easier than other modes of transport. That is something my export staff certainly appreciates!

The second interview is with Mrs. Field: Can you tell us whiсh mode of transportation is used mostly in your company?

We tend to use road transport for all our exports to Western and Eastern Europe, the Middle East and North Africa.

Have you never considered other modes?

No, we haven't. We're a small company and our export trade fluctuates enormously (очень не стабильна). One month there may be a small amount of orders and another we have enough to fill several trailers. Often, though, even the bigger orders are for a variety of destinations. For this reason we use a freight forwarder.

He can find space for small and large consignments and combine them with other freight from other shippers.

What are the advantages of road transport for your company?

There are several reasons why we use road transport: the main reason is that there's a very low risk of goods being damaged or lost in transit — that's because the driver accompanies (сопровождает) his vehicle throughout the journey. He's personally responsible for the safety of the cargo. Of course the consignment: is also insured against theft (кража), damage or loss.

Our client isn't going to appreciate it if he doesn't get the goods when he expected them or if they're damaged and he has to wait for replacements (замены)!

Isn't road transport quite slow?

No, not for the distances that we cover. Even with the smaller consignments that are collected and handled by the freight: forwarder, we can get the goods to the customer quickly and in perfect condition.

With our large orders we can get a swift (быструю), reliable (надежную) door-to-door service with the trailer using a Ro/Ro ferry, so this means we can ship to a customer as quickly by road as we could by air freight — and at lower cost.

We don't find that the documentation or customs procedures delay our shipments either.

Can you mention any aspects of road transport that require special attention?

Of course the goods have to be packed well — though we don't use any special export packing.

Контрольные вопросы к практическому занятию № 16 (в виде тестов)

Выберите правильный вариант ответа.

1. Mr. Hughes opted for air freight because of

1. the price

2. the speed

3. the size of their product

4. previous complaints of his clients.

2. Mr. Hughes says that due to the quick delivery

1. his company saves money and makes more profit

2. his staff is more motivated

3. his clients pay sooner

4. his cash flow diminishes.

3. Mr. Hughes says that airfreight rates are

1. the same as other modes of transport

2. higher than other modes

3. lower than other modes

4. fair.

4. Mrs. Field says that

1. They have regular transports to Eastern Europe and Asia

2. they have regular trade with Latin America

3. they sometimes have large and sometimes small shipments for Europe,

4. Middle East and North Africa

5. they always have small shipments to Western and Eastern Europe.

5. Mrs. Field says that her company

1. engages a freight forwarder to do their transportation

2. takes care of the transportation itself

3. hires carriers on a free basis

4. have its own lorries available.

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