Контрольное задание №6

существительное

субстантивированное прилагательное

2,

прилагательное

II форма глагола (простое прошедшее время

III форма глагола (причастие II )

1,

№

текст

перевод

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T4 Program was framed as a euthanasia program

была разработана

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to kill incurably ill, physically or mentally disabled,

с физическими и

умственными

отклонениями

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emotionally distraught, and elderly people. Adolf Hitler

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initiated this program in 1939, and , while it was

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officially discontinued in 1941, killings continued

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covertly until the military defeat of Nazi Germany in 1945

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In October 1939, Adolf Hitler empowered his personal

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physician and the chief of the Chancellery of the Fuhrer

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to kill people considered unsuited to live. He backdated

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his order to September 1, 1939, the day World War II

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began, to give it the appearance of a wartime measure.

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In this directive, Dr. Karl Brandt and Chancellery chief

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Bouhler were charged with responsibility for expanding

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the authority of physicians … so that patients considered

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incurable can be granted a mercy killing.”

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Within a few months, the T4 Program – named for the

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Chancellery offices that directed it from the Berlin

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address Tiergartenstrasse 4 - involved virtually the entire

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German psychiatric community. A new bureaucracy,

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headed by physicians, was established with a mandate

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to kill anyone deemed to have a “life unworthy of living.”

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Some physicians active in the study of eugenics, who saw

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Nazism as “applied biology”, enthusiastically endorsed

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this program. However, the criteria for inclusion in this

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program were not exclusively genetic, nor were they

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necessarily based on infirmity. An important criterion

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was economic. Nazi officials assigned people to this

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program largely based on their economic productivity.

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The Nazis referred to the program’s victims

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as ”burdensome lives” and “useless eaters.”

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While the program’s personnel killed people at first by

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starvation and lethal injection, they later chose

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asphyxiation by poison gas as the preferred killing

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technique. Physicians oversaw gassings in chambers

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disguised as showers, using lethal gas provided by

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chemists. Program administrators established gas

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chambers at six killing centers in Germany and Austria:

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Hartheim, Sonnenstein, Grafeneck, Bernburg, Hadamar,

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and Brandenburg. The SS staff in charge of the transports

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donned white coats to keep up the charade of a medical

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procedure. Program staff informed victims’ families of the

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transfer to the killing centres. Visits, however, were not

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possible. The relatives then received condolence letters,

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falsified death certificates signed by physicians, and urns

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containing ashes.

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The transformation of physicians into killers took time

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and required the appearance of scientific justification.

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Soon after the Nazis came to power, the Bavarian minister

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of health proposed that psychopaths, the mentally retarded

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and other “inferior” people be isolated and killed.

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Pseudoscientific rationalizations for the killing of the

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“unworthy” were bolstered by economic considerations.

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According to bureaucratic calculations, the state could

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put funds that went to the care of criminals and the insane

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to better use – for example, in loans to newly married

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couples. Proponents fir the program saw incurably sick

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children as a burden on the healthy body of the Volk,

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the German people.

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The murder of the handicapped was a precursor to the

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Holocaust. the killing centers to which the handicapped

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were transported were the antecedents of the

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extermination camps, and their organized transportation

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foreshadowed mass deportation. Some of the physicians

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who became specialists in the technology of cold-blooded

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murder in the late 1930s later staffed the death camps.

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They had long since lost their moral, professional, and

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ethical inhibitions.

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On August 24, 1941, almost two years after the T4

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Program was initiated, it appeared to cease. In fact, it had

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gone underground and continued covertly during the war

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years. The total number of victims killed under the T4

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Program may have reached 200,000 or more. the official

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conclusion of the T4 Program in 1941 also coincided with

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the escalation of the Holocst, the culmination of Nazi

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programs to eliminate those deemed an embarrassment

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to the “master race.”