VI. Look for the synonyms of the following words in the text “The Protista”

1) proposition, suggestion; 2) first, prime; 3) reappraisal, reevaluation; 4) taking in, inhausting; 5) use, apply; 6) construct, establish, set up; 7) enlarge, extend; 8) considerable, significant, serious; 9) strong, deep, intense.

VII. Use the words from the previous exercise to fill in the gaps in the sentences below

1. William Harvey demonstrated that the heart _______ passively and contracts actively.

2. The first lighthouse was _______ on the island in 1912.

3. Human activity has recently had a _______ effect on the environment

4. While many exobiologists do stress that the enormously heterogeneous nature of Earth life foregrounds even greater variety in space, others point out that convergent evolution dictates _______ similarities between Earth and off-Earth life.

5. You need to make a _______ of your approach to the problem and start everything anew.

6. There are a lot of contradictory hypotheses concerning the origin of _______ life.

7. Microvilli on the surface of epithelial cells function to increase the cell's surface area, facilitating the _______ of vital molecules through the membrane.

8. They forwarded a list of _______ for the safe disposal of nuclear waste.

9. A French naturalist Georges Cuvier _______ large collections of biological specimens sent to him from all over the world to work out a systematic organization of the animal kingdom.

VIII. Read the sentences below and explain how the meanings of the underlined words change in different contexts. Make up your own sentences using these words in different meanings

COMMON

1. Robert H. Whittaker rejected the common belief that the superficial resemblance of fungi to plants, with their non-motile habit and cell-walls, made them true plants.

2. Heart disease is one of the commonest causes of death.

3. He insisted that he was a revolutionary not a common criminal.

4. Students and faculty are working toward a common goal.

5. Many of the more common forms of cancer can be treated successfully if detected early.

6. It's becoming more and more common for women to keep their family name when they marry.

7. Monkeys and apes are so similar that it is reasonable to say they have a common ancestor.

OBSERVE

1. Whittaker observed the absorptive role of the fungi in the natural environment.

2. One student performs the experiment, while his partner observes.

3. Hakeem is currently observing the Muslim holy month of Ramadan, and fasts between sunrise and sunset.

4. You can avoid danger by observing these simple rules.

5. Zella and George observed their 55th wedding anniversary last August.

GAIN

1. The knowledge gained from electronic microscopy and molecular biology caused the demolition of the traditional classification schemes of algae, fungi and protozoa.

2. The sport has gained in popularity in recent years.

3. She has gained a reputation as a good communicator.

4. He gained a doctorate in Genetic Engineering.

5. A new-born baby will gain weight at around one ounce per day.

6. Evangelical Christianity has been gaining ground since the Second World War.

7. The dollar has gained 8% against the yen.

8. Fortunately, the investment banks have managed to gain control of the dividends of only big and new companies.

9. A gene in a splurge-weed cell stands to gain by promoting the reproduction of its cell.

GRAMMAR IN USE