Exercises

Ex 1. Read each sentence. If it is true, write T. If it is false, write F:

1. All adult classes are free.

2. All courses continue for a full year.

3. Adults can choose academic, business, technical or leisure courses.

4. A person can learn to sew in an adult evening course.

5. You can usually learn to speak English in an evening course at your local school.

Ex 2. Learn the dialogue by heart:

Secretary: Good afternoon.

Diego: Good afternoon. I'm interested in taking an accounting course.

Secretary: We offer two courses, beginning and intermediate.

Diego: I need the beginning course. When does the course meet?

Secretary: It meets on Thursday from 6.30 to 9.30.

Diego: How much does it cost?

Secretary: It costs $24.

Diego: When does the course begin?

Secretary: It begins September 14.

Diego: And how long does it run?

Secretary: It runs for ten weeks.

Diego: How can I register?

Secretary: Fill out this registration form and return it with the $24 before September 1. Then come to class on the first day.

Diego: Thank you.

Ex 3. Practise this model with the courses below, using the following words:

accounting, typing, computer programming, auto mechanics, high school equivalence photography, sewing, English.

I'm interested in taking a/an _____ course.

Ex 4. Answer the questions:

1. What kind of adult classes are offered in your commu­nity?

2. What courses are you interested in taking?

CHOOSING SCHOOL

In the United States most children go to public or private schools for twelve years. They go to elementary school, junior high school, and then high school. In high school students can choose from academic, business, vocational, or general educa­tion programs. Most students begin school at the age of 5 and complete high school when they are seventeen or eighteen years old. In most states school attendance is compulsory until the age of sixteen.

Students who want further education can choose between two-year or four-year colleges. Students m two-year programs, which are usually offered at community colleges, can earn an associate degree (A.A./A.S.). Students in four-year colleges can earn a bachelor's degree (B.A./B.S). Some professions require graduate degree such as the master's degree (M.A./M.S.) or a doctorate (Ph.D./ M.D./Ed.D.) Many people study part-time for these degrees while they work full-time in their chosen profes­sions.

Some students do not go to college after high school but study in technical or special trade schools. These schools usually do not give degrees but prepare students for special­ized jobs.

Exercises

Read each sentence. If it is true, write T. If it is false, write F:

1. Education is compulsory in most states until the age of 12.

2. You can study auto mechanics in a trade or technical school.

3. All students have the same program in high school.

4. Community colleges offer two-year programs..

5. A B.A. degree requires four years of study.

HIGHER EDUCATION IN THE UNITED STATES

Higher education in the USA is organized quite differently from that of Europe. European Universities and Higher Tech­nical Institutes are as a rule State Institutions or, as in Eng­land, State-aided. In the USA there are two different systems of higher education: State-maintained Universities and Colleges and independent Universities and Colleges maintained by various churches or private foundations.

The largest and best institutions of higher learning in America are independent and private foundations, charging rather high fees.

Another group of higher institutions are the State Universi­ties and Higher Technical Institutes, State-maintained. Almost all States have State Universities, which as a rule accept High School graduates without an examination. As a result they had to add to traditional academic disciplines courses of study cov­ering every possible vocation. Even the Foundation Universi­ties had to do it. For instance, in addition to the traditional faculties of Arts, Science, Law, Medicine, Theology and Engi­neering they have the following faculties: Architecture, Busi­ness, Journalism, Library Service, Dental and Oral Surgery, Pharmacy, Political Science. These new faculties, however, can be organized in a true academic spirit. That can hardly be said of the courses on dressmaking, laundrywork or salesmanship. They simply do not belong to the University. But State Uni­versities have to cater for all vocational groups, and in spite of academic resistance had to create all kinds of academic certificates and degrees to cover every vocation. That is why the possession of an American degree does not necessarily lead to a profession. University graduates can be found working on the farm, in the mine, etc.

Notes

to maintain — підтримувати

charging rather high fees — з відносно високою платою за навчання

Theology — богослов’я

Library Service — бібліотечний

Dental and Oral Surgery ['s9:d39n] — стоматологічний

Pharmacy [Ta:m9si] — фармацевтичний

in a true academic spirit — на дійсно науковій основі

have to cater for all vocational groups — змушені займатись підготовкою спеціалістів з різних професій

TRAINING AND SOCIAL STATUS OF TEACHERS IN THE USA

The supply and training of teachers is most acute of all American problems. All the States have a different system of training, certification, methods of appointment and salary scales. Normal schools are maintained by all States. In addi­tion, there are many private institutions generally connected with the various churches. The usual course is of two years af­ter graduation from a High School. Some Normal schools are recognized as efficient and their certificates of graduation are accepted throughout the country. Each State in addition recog­nizes some local normal schools, which would not be recog­nized in other States.

Teachers of High Schools grades must have a Bachelor's degree in Arts or Science, following at least four years study in a College or University. Again nation-wide recognition is afford only to some Universities, including all the famous foundation Universities and Colleges and the largest State Uni­versities. In addition each State recognizes some local institu­tions including its own State University. Thus, interstate migra­tion is possible; only to graduates of the few best Universities.

However, this requirement of recognized qualifications is only theoretical. In practice many local Boards appoint a suitable person who agrees to teach in a one-room school for an in­adequate salary. There exists a great inequality in conditions of service and salaries of teachers in the USA. Teachers in Dis­trict rural schools seldom possess adequate qualifications and experience. As soon as they acquire them after a year or two in the village school they leave it for a better post. Only well-qualified teachers in large city systems remain in the profes­sion for life. The rest consider teaching as a temporary post, looking for something better.

The social status of teachers is low, and in many localities they are treated by members of the Boards worse than domes­tic servants and are dismissed on the least provocation. On the other hand, teachers of High Schools in a city like New York enjoy salaries and status equal to those of other academic pro­fessions.

Notes

Bachelor's degree in Arts or Science — ступінь бакалавра гума­нітарних наук

nation-wide recognition is afford — широкою популярністью користуются

interstate migration — перехід на роботу з одного штату в інший

on the least provocation — при першій нагоді

UNIVERSITY DAYS

(By James Thurber)

I liked physics and chemistry when I was at the university, but I wasn't very good at economics. There was another stu­dent named Jim Green who was even worse. He was one of the star players on the football team, but he couldn't continue to play if he didn't pass all of his examinations. That was very difficult, for though Jim used his big body very well on the football field, he couldn't make any goals in the class­room.

All his professors were very kind to Jim and helped him. The kindest of all was our economics professor, a quiet little man, named Bassum. He used to ask Green the simplest ques­tions, but they didn't seem easy to Jim. One day, when we were discussing transportation, professor Bassum called on Green.

"Name one means of transportation," the professor said, but Green looked helpless. "Something that takes us from one place to another," the professor explained. Green opened his mouth, but nothing came out of it. "Perhaps, Mr. Green," the professor continued, "you can name the means of transporta­tion that we usually use when we go on long journeys across land." It was very, very quiet in the room, but suddenly the professor made a strange sound: "Choo-choo..." and his face became red. He looked at the class hopefully. All of us agreed with professor Bassum that Jimmie Green must not fall behind because the Chicago game, one of the most important of the season, was not far away.

'Toot, toooooot, too-tooooooooot," came from a student in the back of the room. We all looked hopefully at Jimmie Green.

"Ding dong, ding dong," came from another part of the room. The professor finished the performance: "Chuffa-chuffa, chuff a-chuffa." But all these sounds did not help to give Jim­mie any ideas. So the professor made another effort:

"How did you come to the University this year, Mr. Green?" he asked.

"My father sent me," said the football-player.

"On what? On what?" asked the professor.

"He gave me money," the champion answered slowly. "No, no," said Bassum. "Name a means of transportation. What did you ride on?" Train," said Jimmie.

"Quite right! Very good, Mi". Green," said the professor.

Dialogue CONVERSATION BETWEEN TWO STUDENTS

George: Good afternoon, Mabel!

Mabel: Good afternoon, George!

George: Where are you coming from?

Mabel: I'm coming from the University.

George; What have you been doing there?

Mabel: Why, I am a student of the University.

George: Are you really?

Mabel: Well, of course I am. I've been a student ever since September.

George: That's news to me. But I have not seen you for such a long time. What language are you studying?

Mabel: I'm studying English.

George: Exactly what I am interested in. How long have you been studying it?

Mabel: 1 have been studying it for almost two years, and I entered the University this autumn.

George: Oh! Do tell me all about your work.

Mabel: I am very fond of my work at the Institute and I'll gladly tell you anything you'd like to know. But I'm rather in a hurry to get home. You are not coming my way by any chance, are you? We can have a good talk while we are walk­ing.

George: I can see you home, I am just taking a walk.

Mabel: Well, then come ray way. As I have already told you I'm in the second term. I've been attending lectures there for over a month and I must say I like the way English is taught there.

George: Is the discipline very strict at the University?

Mabel: Yes, it is. And it's a very good thing, too. It makes every student do the best he can. If students are careless in their work or if they often miss their lessons they are expelled.

George: And if a student has been ill, what must he do to prove it?

Mabel: He must bring a sick-bulletin from the doctor.

George: And what about the teachers? Do the same rules apply to them?

Mabel: Oh, yes, they do. They do their best to keep to the working plan.

George: All that is very interesting. I'd certainly like to join the University myself. I know a little English and I've al­ways wished to master the language. Only I'm busy at the factory every day.

Mabel: Well, you will certainly have to drop your work at the factory.

George: Thank you for what you've told me. Can I call at the office and get all the information I need?

Mabel: Of course you can. The working hours are from nine till four.

Word List

public education — народна освіта

Ministry of Education — Міністерство освіти

creche — дитячі ясла

physically and mentally handicapped children — діти з вадами фізичного та психічного розвитку

tuition is free — безкоштовна освіта

general secondary school — середня загальноосвітня школа

school with extended study of individual subjects — школа з поглибленим вивченням окремих предметів

extended-day school — школа з продовженим днем

boarding school — школа-інтернат

a secondary school-certificate — атестат про середню освіту

curriculum — навчальний план

syllabus — навчальна програма

private school — приватна школа

maintained school — державна школа

teaching staff — викладацький склад

home economics (domestic science) — домоводство

needlework (handiwork) — рукоделие

social studies (sciences) — загальні науки

computer sciences — обчислювальна техника

school of correspondence — заочна школа

class register — класний журнал

to be present at (to be away from classes, to be absent) — бути присутнім (відсутнім)

to stay after classes — залишатись після уроків

Hug it in. — Включи в мережу.

Put on your headset (head /ear/set phones). — Одягніть навушники.

We are very near the end now. — Закінчуємо.

For tomorrow you are to do..» — На завтра ви повинні...

for next time — на наступний раз

See you next week. — Побачимось на наступному тижні.

to sit for.., — готовитись до ...

I gather that ... — Я бачу, що ...

to take a test in / on (in English, on lesson 8) -- здавати залік по ... (по английскому языку, по уроку 8)

Will you say it again? — Повторіть це знову.

Shall I read? — Мені читати?

How long is it before the bell? — Скільки часу до дзвоника?

There goes the bell. — А ось і дзвоник.

ability — здібність

to catch on— розуміти

to cater for — відповідати інтересам

target language — мова, що вивчається

to take in — приймати

underachiever — відстаючий

truancy — прогул

truant — прогульщик, лентяй

timetable — розклад

extra-school institutions — позашкільні установи

handicraft — ремесло

day-book (homework book) — щоденник

isn't up to the mark — не на достатньому рівні

precis — короткий виклад

to set (give, assign) homework — давати домашнє завдання

to indent — робити абзац

to be quick at... — швидко (робити будь-що)

period — перева

pass mark — прохідний бал

to cram — зубрити

to crib — списувати

to coach (up) a pupil (to train a ...) — займатись з відстаючими

by fits and starts — уривками

to talk back — грубити

to repeat the year — залишатись на другий рік

repeater — другорічник

to cut a lesson — тікати з урока

stumbling-block — “камень преткновения”

It will serve you right. — Так тобі і треба.

You are a brick. — Ти молодець.

History comes easy to you. — Історія тобі добре дається.

visual aids — наочні посібники

incentive — стимул

instructional work — навчальна работа

tutorial work — виховна работа

to work part-time — працювати за сумісництвом

school routine — шкільний распорядок дня

school staff — штат школи

to be on staff — буть в штаті

form teacher — класний керівник

school report — табель успішності

monitor — черговий

to call the register — робити перекличку

to fail — провалитись на екзаменах

test book (home book) — зошит для контрольної (домашньої) роботи

classwork book — зошит для класної роботи

an exercise book with slanting guide lines — зошит в косу лінійку

a double-lined exercise book — зошит в дві лінійки

a squared exercise book — зошит в клітинку

a lined exercise book (notebook) — зошит в лінійку

U.S. School System

Name of Age of School Grade Students Subjects

Nursery School		3-5	Games, songs, creative play
Kindergarten	К	4-6	Games, drawing, crafts, beginning reading, writing
Elementary School 1-5 or 1-6	1 2 3	5-7 6-8 7-9	Reading, writing, spelling, adding, drawing, music Language arts, subtraction, spelling, drawing, music Language arts, social studies, multiplication, music
Middle School 5-9 or 6-9 Junior High School	4 5 6 7 8	8-10 9-11 10-12 11-13 12-14	Language arts, social studies, division Language arts, social studies, fractions Language arts, social studies, decimals, science Language arts, social studies, math, science, foreign language Language arts, social studies, math, science, foreign language
High School Freshman Sophomore Junior Senior	9 10 11 12	13-15 14-16 15-17 16-18	Core Courses: English, algebra, civics, biology, foreign language Electives: Music, art, typing, bookkeeping, economics, technical education, home economics Core Courses: English, geometry, history, chemistry, foreign language Electives: Music, art, bookkeeping, economics, consumer education, computer applications Core Courses: English, advanced math, history, physics, foreign language Electives: Music, art, bookkeeping, economics, consumer education, computer applications Core Courses: English, calculus, history, foreign language Electives: Music, art, bookkeeping, economics, consumer education, computer programming