1.9 Translate business letter from English into Russian.

Brown & Co., Ltd., March 28, 2003

12 Bedford Street,

London, E.C. 2,

Great Britain

Dear Sirs,

We thank you for your letter of the 20th March and are pleased to learn that you are interested in purchasing Cotton Fabrics. We enclose our current price-list which gives all particulars concerning terms of payment and delivery. Our samples have been sent to you by separate mail. We hope you will find what you require among the samples, and if you need any further information, please let us know.

Yours faithfully,

Trade export.

Вариант №2.

Выполняется студентами, фамилии которых начинаются с букв М-Я.

1.1Read the text and translate it into Russian.

Criminology

Criminology is a social science dealing with the nature, extent, and causes of crime; the characteristics of criminals and their organizations; the problems of apprehending and convicting offenders; the operation of prisons and other correctional institutions; the rehabilitation of convicts both in and out of prison; and the prevention of crime.

The science of criminology has two basic objectives: to determine the causes, whether personal or social, of criminal behavior and to evolve valid principles for the social control of crime. In pursuing these objectives, criminology draws on the finding of biology, psychology, psychiatry, sociology, anthropology, and related fields.

Criminology originated in the late 18^th century when various movements began to question the humanity and efficiency of using punishment for retribution rather than deterrence and reform. There arose as a consequence what is called the classical school of criminology, which aimed to mitigate legal penalties and humanize penal institutions. During the 19^th century the positivist school attempted to extend scientific neutrality to the understanding of crime. Because they held that criminals were shaped by their environment, positivists emphasized case studies and rehabilitative measures. A later school, the “social defence” movement, stressed the importance of balance between the rights of criminals and the rights of society.

Criminology has many practical applications. Its findings can give lawyers, judges, and prison officials a better understanding of criminals, which may lead to more effective treatment. Criminological research can be used by legislators and in the reform of laws and of penal institutions.

1.2 Answer the following questions to the text in the written form.

1. What steps can society take to cope with crime?

2.What trends can be observed in the development of criminology?

3.What methods and techniques are applied in criminology?

4.In what other spheres of life can criminology find useful application?

1.3 Find in the text the English equivalents for the following words and expressions:

1.криминология рассматривает природу и причины преступлений

2.изучение обстоятельств правонарушения по материалам дела

3.криминология опирается на открытия других наук

4.проблемы задержания преступников

5.проблемы предотвращения преступлений

6.смягчить наказание

7.подвергнуть сомнению