Text 4: The classification of fibers. Natural fibers and synthetic ones

Task 1. Translate the phrases.

Textile industry; textile manufacture; natural fibers; synthetic fibres; fibrous form; structural material; plant world; animal world; complex substance; fibre-forming substance; industrial fabrics.

Task 2. Identify the parts of speech of the given words.

Classify, classification; natural, nature; fibre, fibrous; produce, production; structure, structural; important, importance ; useful ; idustry, industrial.

Task 3. Read and translate the text.

CLASSIFICATION OF TEXTILE FIBRES

The fibres used in modern textile manufacture can be classified into two main groups: a) natural fibres and b) man-made fibres. Natural fibres are cotton, wool, silk, and flax. They are provided by nature in an fibrous form . In man-made fibres man has generated a fibre for himself from something which was not in a fibrous form.

Natural fibres can be subdivided into three main classes according to the nature of their source: a) vegetable fibres; b) animal fibres; c) mineral fibres.

Vegetable fibres include the most important of all textile fibres: cotton, flax, hemp, jute. They are based on cellulose, a structural material in the plant world.

Animal fibres include wool and other hair-like* fibres and silk. This animal fibres are based on proteins, the complex substance from which animal body is made.

Mineral fibres are of limited importance in the textile trade. Asbestos is the most useful fibres of this class. It is made into special fire-proof* and industrial fabrics.

Man-made fibres can be subdivided into two classes: a) regenerated fibres and

b) synthetic fibres. In regenerated fibres nature has created a substance (cellulose and proteins) capable of taking on a fibrous form . Man uses these substance as a raw material for fibre. So we have regenerated fibres made from the proteins of peanuts and milk, maize, and soya beans. Synthetic fibres are those in which man performs the entire operation of fibre-production. These fibres are made by man from simple chemicals derived from coal and oil.

 Notes: hair-like – подібні до вовни; fire-proof – вогнестійкі.

Task 4. Translate these words into Ukrainian language.

Fibre, fibrous, can (could), nature, natural, man-made, cotton, wool, silk, flax, according to, vegetable, animal, to include, substance, fabric, to use, raw material, to make (made).

Task 5. Match the synonyms in A and B lists.

a) to classify; groups; man-made; substance; plant; to make; manufacture; to create.

b) classes; material; to perform; to generate; to subdivide; vegetable; synthetic; production.

Task 6. Finish these sentences translating the word-combinations.

1. The fibres can be classified into (натуральні та штучні волокна).

2. Natural fibres are (бавовна, вовна, шовк).

3. Natural fibres can be subdivided into (рослинні, тваринні та мінеральні волокна).

4. Asbestos is made into special (промислові тканини).

5. Man-made fibres are subdivided into (відновлені волокна та синтетичні волокна).

6. Man uses this (речовина) as a (сировина) for a fibre.

Task 7. Retell the text using this plan.

1. Natural fibres

a) vegetable fibres

b) mineral fibres

c) animal fibres

2. Man-made fibres

a) regenerated fibres

b) synthetic fibres

Task 8. Translate these sentences using the proper tense form of the structures (“to be”/ “to have”/ “there be”).

1. В текстильній промисловості існують дві групи текстильних волокон: натуральні та штучні.

2. Натуральні волокна – це бавовна, льон, вовна та шовк.

3. Існують три класи натуральних волокон: рослинні, тваринні та мінеральні.

4. Ми маємо вогнестійку тканину з азбесту.

5. вугілля та нафта є сировиною для синтетичних волокон.

6. Людина буде мати волокна з протеїнів сої, кукурудзи та молока.