- •Contents
- •Module 1. Text 1: Materials that are used in the textile industry
- •Text 2: Textile fiber
- •Text 3: The main characteristic features of fibers
- •Text 4: The classification of fibers. Natural fibers and synthetic ones
- •Text 5: The types of textile fibers
- •Text 6: Natural plant fibers
- •Text 7: Cotton. The main properties of Cotton
- •Text 8: Particular climate conditions for cotton growing
- •Text 9: The history of Cotton
- •Text 10: Widespread usage of Cotton in the world
- •Text 11: The usage of Cotton. The stages of Cotton processing
- •Module 2. Text 1: Flax
- •Text 2: Why is flax the most expensive fiber in the textile industry
- •Text 3: The history of Flax
- •Text 4: The stages of processing of flax fibers
- •Task 5. Retell the text “Flax Harvesting”.
- •Text 5: The usage of linen in the manufacture of different goods
- •Module 3. Text 1: Natural animal fibers
- •Text 2: The properties of natural animal fibers
- •Text 3: Wool
- •Text 4: The properties of wool fibers. The ways of obtaining wool
- •Text 5: The history of wool
- •Text 6: Widespread usage of Wool in the clothes production
- •Module 4. Text 1: Silk
- •Text 2: The history of silk
- •Text 3: The properties of Silk
- •Text 4: Other fibers of animal origin
- •Text 5: The usage of silk fibers in the production of different goods
- •Supplementary reading chemical fibres
- •Check your progress
- •Conditional sentences
Text 5: The types of textile fibers
Task 1. What textile fibers do you know? Read the text and fill in the words
man-made; knitting; Wool; gold; natural; every; Acetate; spin; yarn; 1949 |
Fiber is a unit of matter which is capable of being spun into a …1) or made into a fabric by bonding or by interlacing in a variety of methods including weaving, …2), braiding, felting, twisting, or webbing, and which is the basic structural element of textile products. It is a smallest textile component which is microscopic hair like substance that may be man made or …3). There are four types of fibers: natural, manufactured, synthetic, and minor miscellaneous types.
Natural fibers include Cotton, Linen, Flax, …4) (any form of animal hair including human hair; not just sheep wool as most associate with wool), and various other minor novelty fibers such as Hemp and Spun Corn. These fibers you can pick up and …5) right into a fabric.
Manufactured fibers are types that come from cellulose and protein such as Rayon and …6). Rayon was the first manufactured fiber in …7) and is also known as “artificial silk” since it was developed to mimic the costly silk fabrics of the time. Many people consider Rayon a natural fiber but technically it is not. Rayon is spun from naturally occurring polymers that replicates a natural fiber.
Synthetic …8) fibers could take up a whole book alone with the many styles and varieties. New fibers are developed all the time. Common fibers include Polyester, Microfiber, and Nylon to name a few.
Special use fibers are less common, but people may not realize that they come into contact with them on a daily basis. Surprisingly fibers such as rubber are used in Spandex. Metal such as stainless steel is used in carpets, and other metals such as silver and …9) are woven into fabrics. New an innovative uses for fibers are being developed …10) day.
Task 2. Answer the questions.
a) What is fiber?
b) How are fibers classified according to their origin?
c) What do natural fibers include?
d) How is Rayon also known?
e) Where are fibers such as rubber used in?
Task 3. Open the brackets using Present Continuous Tense.
1) Now she (to spin).
2) At the moment the workers (not to weave).
3)…they (to buy) threads and needles now?
4) Tomorrow at 3 p.m. we (to go) to the spinning mill.
5) My cousin (to put) his crochet hook at my working place constantly! I hate this!
6) Now they (not to tie) filaments into the ropes.
Task 4. Translate into English.
Волокно — гнучке обмеженої довжини, яке придатне для виготовлення пряжі та текстильних виробів.
Пряжа виготовлюється в процесі прядіння сировини з волокон вовни, льону, бавовнику або іншого матеріалу на ткацькому верстаті, виготовлюючи довгі нитки.
Волокна бавовни найчастіше переробляють в нитку, яку використовують для виготовлення м'якого, «дихаючого» текстилю, з якого шиють одяг, найбільш поширений серед видів одягу з натурального волокна, білизну, рушники.