Industry and agriculture of the uk

1. In the past English industrial prosperity rested on a few important products, such as textiles, coal and heavy machinery. Now the UK has a great va­riety of industries, for example heavy and light industry, chemical, aircraft, electrical, automobile and many other industries. The United Kingdom is considered one of the world’s major manufactur­ing nations. Now high technology industries are more developed than heavy engineering. Heavy engineering and other traditional industries have experienced a certain decline.

2. Certain areas are traditionally noted for various types of industries. For instance, Newcastle is famous for coal industry, the county of Lancashire for its textile industry. The Midlands, or the central counties of England, are famous for the production of machinery, coal, motor cars and chemicals. In recent times regional industrial distinctions have become less clear as more and more new factories are built in the different parts of the country.

3. Speaking about the cities of the United Kingdom the first mention should be made of London, the capital of the UK. It is a big port on the River Thames, a major commercial, industrial centre.

4. Leeds is a centre of clothing industry producing woolen articles. Glasgow is a major port on the River Clyde where shipbuilding industry is developed. Liverpool on the River Mersey is a flour milling and engineering centre. Birmingham is an iron and steel centre. Manchester is famous for textiles manufacturing.

5. Three-quarters of the United Kingdom’s land is dedicated to agriculture. About two per cent of the population of the United Kingdom are engaged in agriculture, but the yields of English farms and pastures are very high. Wheat, barley, oats and potatoes are the most important crops grown. Sheep, cattle and pigs are the most numerous types of livestock.

6. Sheep is a source of both wool for textile industry and mutton for food industry. Mutton is the best liked English meat.

VI. Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты следующих предложений.

1. Сейчас в Англии развиты различные отрасли промышленности.

2. некоторые районы традиционно славятся той или иной отраслью промышленности.

3. Все больше и больше новых предприятий появляется в различных частях страны.

VII. Письменно ответьте на вопросы по тексту.

1. What industries were developed in England in the past?

2. What industries are developed in England at present day/

3. What are the mast popular types of livestock and crops in the UK?

8. Выберите правильный вариант:

1. Jane … when the telephone woke her up.

a) was sleeping

b) is sleeping

c) has sleeping

2. She … the cleaning by 6 o’clock yesterday.

a) has done

b) did

c) had done

3. A new building of Ministry … in a year.

a) will build

b) will be built

c) will be build

ВАРИАНТ № 2

I. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видо-временную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык. В разделе (б) обратите внимание на перевод пассивных конструкций.

а) 1. They are growing heat and corn there.

2. They have shipped wines and vegetables to other parts of the world.

3. Detroit has become a world’s leading motor car producer.

б) 1. Shipbuilding, electronics, automobile industry, aircraft industry are highly developed in the states.

2. Much livestock is raised in Illinois, Iowa and Nebraska.

3. California oranges, grapefruit, lemons are shipped all over the states.

II. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните Participle I и Participle II и установите функции каждого из них. т.е. укажите, является ли оно определением, обстоятельством или частью глагола-сказуемого. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. There is a lot of fruit raising area.

2. The most important crops grown in the states are tobacco, soybeans, peanuts and many others.

3. Industry of consumer goods is developed in New York City.

4. Having a lot of large and modern cities, a great proportion of the country consists of open land.

III. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них модальные глаголы или его эквивалент. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. May I go out now? – No, you must go to bed soon.

2. You should visit your friend. He was to come yesterday.

3. Why didn’t you come? – I had to help my mother about the house.

4. You may take any journal you like.

5. You could do this work your-self.

IV. Определите вид придаточных предложений. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. The USA is a federal state, which is headed by the President.

2. The railways continued to expand until 1917, when their length reached a peak of about 407,000 km.

3. It is known that the USA is a highly developed industrial and agricultural country.

V. Прочитайте и устно переведите текста. Перепишите и письменно 4, 5-й переведите абзацы.