Тема 25 Мови програмування - Part 11

1 Прочитайте та перекладіть текст. (усно) Напишіть до нього шість запитань (письмово)

PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES

Java - Developed by Sun Microsystems in the mid-1990s, Java is widely used for developing interactive applications for the Internet.

Ada - Named after Countess Ada Lovelace; it is a superset of Pascal. Ada is a structured language developed and used by the US Department of Defense.

Logo - Logo is an easy-to-use language that is primarily used to teach children how to program.

LISP - Stands for LISt Processor; LISP is designed to process non-numeric data - that is, symbols such as characters or words. It is used to develop applications in the field of artificial intelligence.

FORTRAN - Stands for FORmula TRANslator; FORTRAN was designed by scientists in 1954 and is oriented toward manipulating formulas for scientific, mathematical, and engineering problem-solving applications.

HTML - Stands for HyperText Markup Language; HTML is a page- description language used to prepare a text for display in a browser program.

Perl - Its name comes from Practical Report and Extraction Language. It first appeared in 1987 as a Unix-based tool for producing reports but is now widely used for creating interactive webpages.

Prolog - Stands for PROgramming LOGic; Prolog is used to develop applications in the field of artificial intelligence. It is a popular tool for natural-language programming.

XML - Stands for extensible Markup Language; XML is a metalanguage for creating webpages with meaningful data that can be used by a variety of programs.

C++ - C++ is an object-oriented superset of C which combines the best features of a structured high-level language and an assembly language - that is, it's relatively easy to code and uses computer resources efficiently. C was originally designed to write systems software but is now considered a general- purpose language.

Visual Basic - BASIC stands for Beginners' All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code; Visual Basic is a simple-to-use language that has a graphical interface. It makes it particularly easy for an inexperienced programmer to create database programs.

Pascal - Pascal, named after the mathematician Blaise Pascal, was created primarily to fill the need for a teaching vehicle that would encourage structured programming. It is often used in college computing courses.

COBOL - Stands for COmmon Business-Oriented Language; it has been around for a long number of years but is still an important transaction-processing language used to process the records of large organisations on mainframe computers.

2 Визначте, яка мова програмування найкраще підійде для вирішення вказаних завдань. (письмово)

1. A schoolteacher wants his young pupils to learn some basic mathematics by controlling a simple robot. 2. The owner of a small business wants to create a simple database program to keep track of his stock. 3. An engineer wants to develop a program for calculating the stresses in a mechanical device. 4. A student wants to create webpages for a personal website. 5. A systems programmer wants to add some new modules to an operating system. 6. A programmer working for the US army wants to create a program for controlling a new type of weapon. 7. A finance company needs to process data from its branch offices on its mainframe computer. 8. A website designer wants to enable the data on his website to be easily processed by a number of different programs. 9. A student studying artificial intelligence wants to write some programs for a course project. 10. A college lecturer wants his students to learn the principles of programming. 11. A professional programmer wants to create and sell a program for use in language learning. 12. A website designer wants to password-protect a section of a website.

3 Прочитайте та перекладіть текст. (письмово)

Troubleshooting and help desks: Sally Harrison is a help desk technician. She works at a help desk, a computer support centre where people phone for help with their computer problems.

'In my job I have to talk to the computer user to find the source of a problem and try to fix it on the phone. We offer computer assistance for all types of problems. Some people prefer to use the word debugging when we solve programming errors and use troubleshooting when we solve problems encountered while using information technology tools. Sometimes there are no problems with either of them and it's a PEBCAK, the problem exists between the chair and keyboard, i.e. it's a user's problem.

I generally start by asking the customer if there has been an error message, a warning of a problem displayed by the application inside a dialogue box, a small window that provides infoftnation about the problem and an interface of communication with the user. One of the most frightening messages is the one shown with a BSoD, or Blue Screen of Death, a blue screen that shows an unrecoverable system error.'

4 Заповніть пропуски, використовуючи інформацію із вправи 3. (письмово)

1) Your computer may have a virus if it has symptoms like these: Windows won't start and an … … tells you that it's because important files are missing. An unfamiliar message pops up in a … … . The message is usually unrelated to programs you're running or asks for confidential information such as passwords. 2) A bug is a coding error in a computer program. That's why some people say that … is the art of taking bugs out - programming is the art of putting them in. 3) The company is improving the … … for computer users. They are introducing 'answer-express' to handle all kinds of technology support and online advice. 4) The firm is seeking a … … … to join the team. The successful candidate will be responsible for … and resolving problems for internal staff as well as external users.

5 Надайте пораду в кожній ситуації (письмово)

1. My laser printer produces very faint copies. 2. When I print, three or four sheets come through the printer at the same time. 3. My spreadsheet does not seem to add up correctly. 4. Everything I type appears in capitals. 5. My PC is switched on but the monitor screen is blank. 6. I tried to print a document but nothing came out of the printer. 7. My monitor picture is too narrow. 8. My monitor screen flickers. 9. My mouse responds erratically. 10. The time display on my computer is one hour slow. 11. When I print out a page, the first two lines are missing. 12. My computer sometimes stops and reboots itself. The lights dim at the same time.