6. Употребление и перевод глагола should

1. Should употребляется для образования глагольного времени Future in the Past (с 1-м лицом):

We decided that we should meet in February. Мы решили, что встретился в феврале.

2. В условных предложениях (с 1-м лицом): If it were my book, I should give it to you.

Если бы это была моя книга, я бы дала ее вам.

I should have done this work, in case I had been informed before.

Я бы выполнила эту работу, если бы я узнала об этом заранее.

3. В придаточных предложениях после безличных предложений типа it is necessary.

It is important that you should do the work yourself. Важно, чтобы вы сделали эту работу сами.

4. В придаточных предложениях цели после союзов that — чтобы и lest — чтобы., не, otherwise — иначе бы...:

Не helped me greatly otherwise I should not be able to carry out my work.

Oн очень помог мне, иначе я бы не смог выполнить эту работу.

5. В бессоюзных условных предложениях:

Should the letter be brought in the morning, put it on my desk please.

Если письмо принесут утром, пожалуйста, положите его мне на стол.

6. Should в качестве модального глагола со значением долженствования.

One should be careful when crossing the street.

Надо быть очень внимательным при переходе улицы.

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Упражнение Переведите следующие предложения:

1. The substance under investigation should be examined both by chemical and physical means.

2. Why should metals, even in the solid state, be excellent conductors of electricity, whereas salts ordinarily need to be melted before they conduct?

3. One should keep in mind that the accuracy of Ohm's law fails for certain solutions when alternating currents of very high frequency are employed.

4. Should the uniform change in volume continue during the cooling of a gas to very low temperatures, the gas sample would have no volume at — 273°.

5. "If the beam of ray in the cathode ray tube is influenced by a magnet, why should it not be influenced also by an electrostatic field?" — thought Thomson.

6. In order that this relation should be valid two conditions must be observed.

7. It was already indicated that we should stop further discussion of the physical character of atoms and turn for the moment to another angle of the question of atomic structure.

8. In order that the number of ions in the stream should not fall off as the pressure is reduced, the ions were generated by the action of ultraviolet light on a metal plate.

9. It is of interest to inquire whether a radioactive charge should be classed as chemical in character or not.

10. Should the anode grow too hot you must decrease the power of the transmitter.

11. The same mechanism should be invoked to interpret the data of Fig. 1 as well.

12. To obtain high current densities in a spot, the spot should be at high potential.

7. Употребление и перевод глагола would

1. Would употребляется для образования глагольного времени Future in the Past (с 2-м и 3-м лицами):

Не said he would help us.

Он сказал, что поможет нам

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2. В условных предложениях (с 2-м и 3-м лицами): Не would have helped me last week, if he had been in

the town.

Он бы помог мне на прошлой неделе, если бы он был в городе.

3. Would со всеми лицами употребляется для выра­ жения повторного действия в прошлом. При переводе при этом добавляются слова обычно, часто, бывало:

She would sit at the window for hours. Она бывало часами сидела у окна.

4. Would со всеми лицами выражает желание (или нежелание) совершить действие:

The doctor insisted that he give up smoking but he would not.

Врач настаивал на том, чтобы он бросил курить, но он не хотел.

5. Would употребляется при вежливом обращении: Would you kindly help me.

Будьте любезны, помогите, пожалуйста.

Упражнение Переведите следующие предложения:

1. The question is whether a similarly high ion density would have existed on the axis when the pencil beam is switched off.

2. The value of the surface energy would therefore be expected to depend on crack velocity.

3. If the entire Earth were covered by ocean, high and low tides would follow one another at regular intervals in response to the rotation of the Earth and the revolution of the Moon.

4. The kinetic theory and the corresponding molecular theory of liquids and gases have been of great service in helping to form mental pictures of many processes which would be otherwise too difficult to understand.

5. The average depth of the ocean is approximately 13000

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feet. This figure seems large, but if we were to build a scale model with the Earth as a ball 100 feet in diameter, this ocean would be less than half an inch deep.

6. For example, if the magnitude and phase of the negative resistance generator input impedance were largely dependent on transistor transconductance, the conversion of low-frequency noise variation in transconductance to signal amplitude and phase modulation in the Q — multiplied resonator would result in unacceptable performance.