Text b.

The planetary mill has many advantages over the mills.

(a) The planetary mill offers much saving in plant and building size.

(b) To reduce beat loss during the finishing speed of a standard mill would be, say, 2000 ft/min. For an output of, say, 10 tons per hour, the planetary mill could roll at 200 ft/min. The load factor of the standard mill would therefore be about 10% against almost for the planetary mill, resulting in smaller machines, greater overall efficiency (промышленный коэффициент полезного действия) and reduced power costs for the planetary mill.

(с) On the planetary mill the initial slab temperature may be somewhat lower than on a standard mill where there is greater heat loss during rolling. The lower temperature results in less oxide scale formation and consequently gives improved quality of strip surface.

(d) The tail end of the strip on the final pass on a standard mill is slightly cooler than the leading end due to a longer period of heat loss. As a result it may be appreciably thicker after rolling. The planetary mill’s continuous action ensures an even temperature (равномерная температура), resulting in consistent thickness, throughout the strip length.

IX. Просмотрите еще раз текст и выполните следующие задания:

1. Назовите экономическое преимущество планетарного стана.

2. Сравните влияние температуры на качественные характеристики полосы на обычном и планетарном станах.

Lesson 3.

Preliminary Exercises

I. Прочитайте и переведите: а) словосочетания и предложения; b) цепочки слов.

a) The latter technique; to turn through 90⁰; intermediate stands occasionally preceded by one edging stand; for re-rolling; most modern steelworks. Most steel produced follows two main process techniques. It is common practice to start by rolling narrow strip.

b) Rectangular-section slabbing ingots; continuous mill train; mass production cold strip mills;

roll sizes; cold rolling process, five 4-high stands; metal fabrication; water power; power factor.

II. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на способы перевода глагола “would”.

1. The general principles of the first planetary mill would apply to any planetary mill.

2. The earliest steelmakers would have used planetary mills if they had been designed.

3. Mill practice would combine slab heating, roughing mill, transit speeds, etc.

III. Переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на предикативный инфинитивный оборот.

1. Planetary mills are expected be extensively used in future.

2. Automation is believed to replace part of the responsibilities of the human operator.

3. On the planetary mill the initial slab temperature was found to influence oxide scale formation.

Text a.

Steel strip manufacture

Over 80% of all metals produced are subjected at one stage or another, to some form of deformation processing. Most steel produced follows two main process techniques, i.e. a technique for the production of sections, billets, bars and rods or for the production of plates and strips.

At the beginning both techniques started with the cast ingot which had been reheated in a soaking pit. The latter technique originally consisted of rolling rectangular-section slabbing ingots in a large 2-high reversing slabbing mill. In one of the passes the slab would be turned through 90⁰ to give some reduction on the edges, the aim being to control shape and width in the continuous mill train. The continuous mill train usually consisted of four intermediate stands, occasionally preceded by one edging stand and followed by¹ a delay table. At present the delay table between the intermediate and finishing train continues to be an important feature common to almost all hot mills.