3. Определите, являются ли предложения истинными или ложными.

a) The word industry comes from the Greek word industria, meaning "diligent activity directed to some purpose".

b) The word industry first mentioned in 1415.

c) Primary industry includes electricity generation and construction work.

d) Secondary industries are further classified as heavy and light.

e) Tertiary industry includes only banking, finance, insurance, investment, and real estate services.

4. Соедините пары.

Consumer страхование

Investment развлечения

goods and services безопасность

entertainment лёгкий

income потребитель

insurance третичный

manufacture продажа

sale товары и услуги

finance горная промышленность

heavy первичный

tertiary доход

primary вложение

mining финансы

security тяжёлый

5. Дополните предложения, используя данные слова и словосочетания:

Primary, secondary, construction industry, raw materials, goods and services, sources of income

a) A group of productive enterprises or organizations that produce or supply goods, services, or ____ is called industry.

b) Secondary industry also includes energy-producing industries and the ____.

c) ____ industries are further classified as heavy and light.

d) In economics, industries are customarily classified as ____, secondary, and tertiary.

e) Agriculture, fishing, forestry and mining deal with producing ____such as crops, fish, timber and minerals.

f) Over the course of the Industrial Revolution more people were involved in producing ____ for sale.

Тема 5.4: Сельское хозяйство

AGRICULTURE

1. Прочитайте текст “ Agriculture ”. Подберите заголовок к каждому абзацу. Один заголовок лишний.

a) Modern agronomy

b) Agricultural science

c) Agricultural land use

d) The history of agriculture

e) Modern practices in animal husbandry

f) The agricultural products

2. Переведите текст, используя словарь.

Agriculture

1) Agriculture (also called farming or husbandry) is the cultivation of animals, plants, fungi and other life forms for food, fiber, and other products used to sustain life. Agriculture was the key implement in the rise of sedentary human civilization, whereby farming of domesticated species created food surpluses that nurtured the development of civilization. The study of agriculture is known as agricultural science.

2) The history of agriculture dates back thousands of years, and its development has been driven and defined by greatly different climates, cultures, and technologies. However, all farming generally relies on techniques to expand and maintain the lands suitable for raising domesticated species. For plants, this usually requires some form of irrigation, although there are methods of dryland farming; pastoral herding on rangeland is still the most common means of raising livestock. In the developed world, industrial agriculture based on large-scale monoculture has become the dominant system of modern farming, although there is growing support for sustainable agriculture (e.g. permaculture or organic agriculture).

3) Modern agronomy, plant breeding, pesticides and fertilizers, and technological improvements have sharply increased yields from cultivation, but at the same time have caused widespread ecological damage and negative human health effects.

4) Selective breeding and modern practices in animal husbandry such as intensive pig farming have similarly increased the output of meat, but have raised concerns about animal cruelty and the health effects of the antibiotics, growth hormones, and other chemicals commonly used in industrial meat production.

5) The major agricultural products can be broadly grouped into foods, fibers, fuels, and raw materials. In the 21st century, plants have been used to grow biofuels, biopharmaceuticals, bioplastics, and pharmaceuticals. Specific foods include cereals, vegetables, fruits, and meat. Fibers include cotton, wool, hemp, silk and flax. Raw materials include lumber and bamboo. Other useful materials are produced by plants, such as resins. Biofuels include methane from biomass, ethanol, and biodiesel. Cut flowers, nursery plants, tropical fish and birds for the pet trade are some of the ornamental products. Regarding food production, the World Bank targets agricultural food production and water management as an increasingly global issue that is fostering an important and growing debate.