Vocabulary

addiction biodegradable excessive

to commit crime to scrap obsolete

to retouch

– склонность к чему-либо, пагубная привычка – разлагаемый микроорганизмами

– чрезмерный

– совершать преступление

– выбрасывать за ненадобностью – устаревший

– ретушировать, подправлять

A: Computers: friend…

People who have grown up with PCs and microchips are often called the digital generation. This is how some people answered when questioned about the use of computers in their lives.

A: I have a GPS (Global Positioning System) fitted in my car. With this navigation system I never get lost. And the DVD recorder is perfect for my children‟s entertainment.

B: I use an interactive whiteboard, like a large touchscreen monitor, at school. I find computers very useful in education.

C: Assistive technology, for people with disabilities, has helped me a lot. I can hardly see, so I use a screen reader, a program that reads aloud onscreen text, menus and icons.

D: The new HMD, head-mounted display, allows me to watch films, and enjoy virtual reality, the artificial environment of the latest video games.

E: The upgraded wireless network at my university is great: we can connect our laptops, PDAs and Wi-Fi cell phones to the network anywhere in the campus. Communication is becoming easier and easier.

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Do you know that…

PDA – personal digital assistant

Exercise 1: Complete these sentences with words from A above.

1.The …….. ………. is a piece of software that interfaces with your PC and allows you, vie keyboard commands, to get any text information read to you in synthetic speech.

2.A ……………..-………….. …………, as popularized by virtual re-ality, lets the user immerse him/herself in a synthetically generated envi-ronment.

3.An ………… …………. is a touch-sensitive device where a special pen or your finger can act as a mouse.

4.Tony Adams is now the proud owner of dark silver Vogue, complete with leather interior, …………….. navigation, and a ……… ………. with LCD TV screens.

B: …or foe?

Our society has developed technological dependence. When computers are down, our way of life breaks down: planes stop flying, telephones don‟t work, banks have to close.

Computers produce electronic waste, plastic cases and microchips that are not biodegradable and have to be recycled or just thrown away.

They are responsible for health problems, e.g. computer addiction, an inappropriate and excessive use of computers.

Cybercrime, crime committed with the help of computers, is creating se-rious problems.

Citizens may feel a loss of privacy because of unauthorized use of per-sonal data or receiving unwanted electronic messages.

Exercise 2: Read B above. What problem do these sentences refer to?

1. We are sorry to announce that most flights are delayed or cancelled. 2. He should go to a psychologist. He spends hours surfing the Web.

3. Technology changes so quickly that we have to scrap computers when they become obsolete.

4. I‟ve been getting e-mails about offers for lots of different products.

5. My computer system has been broken into and some useful informa-tion has been destroyed.

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C: Things we can do on the computer

A secretary: „I use computers to do the usual office things like write let-ters and faxes, but what I find really useful is e-mail. We are an internation-al company and I send e-mails to our offices all over the world.‟

A publisher: „We use PCs to produce all sorts of texts in digital format. We publish e-books (electronic books) and interactive e-learning programs on CD, and we help a local company to design an online newspaper, dis-played on the Web.‟

A bank manager: „We use financial software to make calculations and then generate graphs of charts. We also use a database to store information so that it can be easily searched.‟

A home user: „I like to retouch photos on my computer; I improve them by making a few touches and then save them on a CD. I also enjoy looking at music portals on the Web. I often surf the Web every day and I often download files, I copy music files from the net to my PC.‟

Exercise 3: Some words often appear together in IT. Complete these computer uses with word partners from C above.

1. design …………….	6. download ………….
2. publish …………	7. ………… photos
3. …………. calculations	8. write ……… and …………
4. store ……………..	9. ………. emails
5. …………. the Web

Speaking: What do you use a computer for?

Make up a list of ways you use computers at work and in your free time and discuss them with your partner. Use the pattern ―use smth for + Ving‖

e.g. I use a PC for sending e-mail mеssages.

Role play “Computer: friend or foe?”

UNIT 3. TYPES OF COMPUTER SYSTEMS

Focus: Computers: Types of computer systems.

Skills focus: Reading for specific information to know about the types of computer systems.

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Before reading:

How many types of computer systems do you know?

1. Read the text «Types of computer systems».

There are different types of computer systems: from mainframes to wearable computers.

A mainframe is the most powerful type of com-puter. It can process and store large amounts of data. It supports multiple users at the same time and can sup-port more simultaneous processes than a PC. The cen-tral system is a large server connected to hundreds of terminals over a network. Mainframes are used for large-scale computing purposes in banks, big compa-nies and universities.

A desktop PC has its own processing unit (or CPU), monitor and keyboard. It is used as a personal computer in the home or as a workstation for group work. Typical examples are the IBM PC and the Apple Macintosh. It's designed to be placed on your desk. Some models have a vertical case called a tower.

A laptop (also called a notebook PC) is a lightweight computer that you can transport easily. It can work as fast as a desktop PC, with similar proces-sors, memory capacity, and disk drives, but it is porta-ble and has a smaller screen. Modern notebooks have a TFT (Thin Film Transistor) screen that produces very sharp images.

Instead of a mouse, they have a touchpad built into the keyboard – a sensitive pad that you can touch to move the pointer on the screen.

They offer a lot of connectivity options: USB (Universal Serial Bus) ports for connecting peripher-

als, slots for memory cards, etc.

They come with battery packs, which let you use the computer when there are no electrical outlets available.

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A tablet PC looks like a book, with an LCD screen on which you can write using a special digital pen. You can fold and rotate the screen 180 degrees. Your handwriting can be recognized and converted into edit-able text. You can also type at the detached keyboard or use voice recognition. It's mobile and versatile.

A personal digital assistant or PDA is a tiny com-puter which can be held in one hand. The term PDA refers to a wide variety of handheld devices, palmtops and pocket PCs.

For input, you type at a small keyboard or use a sty-lus – a special pen used with a touch screen to select items, draw pictures, etc. Some models incorporate handwriting recognition, which enables a PDA to rec-

ognize characters written by hand. Some PDAs recognize spoken words by using voice recognition software.

They can be used as mobile phones or as personal organizers for storing notes, reminders and addresses. They also let you access the Internet via wireless technology, without cables.

A wearable computer runs on batteries and is worn on the user's body, e.g. on a belt, backpack or vest; it is designed for mobile or hands-free operation. Some de-vices are equipped with a wireless modem, a small key-board and a screen; others are voice-activated and can access e-mail or voice mail.

Exercise 1. Which type of computer do these descriptions refer to?

1. a hand-held computer which can be used as a telephone, a web ex-plorer and a personal organizer;

2. a typical computer found in many businesses and popular for home use;

3. a large computer used for intensive data processing and often linked to many terminals;

4. a small computer that fits into items of clothing;

5. a portable computer that can be closed up like a briefcase, but it can be as powerful as a desktop PC;

6. a full-function PC, though it only weighs 1.2 kg – you can go to a meeting and write your notes on it, like a paper notepad; its screen mode can be changed from portrait to landscape.

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Exercise 2. Look at the computer advertisement and this information.

1. What type of computer is advertised? 2. What kind of screen does it have?

3. Which pointing device replaces the mouse?

4. What type of ports does it have for connecting cameras and music players?

5. What sort of power supply does it use?

Advertisement.

Toshiba Satellite

Intel Centrino processor

1,024 MB RAM, 100 GB hard disk drive DVD SuperMulti (+/-R double layer) drive

15.4” widescreen TFT active-matrix LCD display

85-key keyboard and touchpad

2 memory slots, 1 PC Card or PCMCIA slot

Wireless communications: Wi-Fi com-pliancy and Bluetooth

4 USB ports for connecting peripherals: digital camera, MP3 player, modem

6-cell rechargeable Lithium-ion battery pack

Exercise 3. Read this interview with Adam Hawkins, an IT manager, and complete it with words from the PDA section.

Interviewer: What are the basic features of a PDA?

Adam: Well, a typical PDA is a (1)……….device that runs on batteries and combines computing, phone and Net capabilities.

Interviewer: And how do you enter information?

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Adam: For input, you use a (2)……….or pen to write and make selec-tions on a (3)……….; they also have buttons for launching programs. Some models have a small keyboard.

They may have a (4)……….system that reacts to the user's voice.

Interviewer: Do they need special software?

Adam: Yes, most of them run on Windows Mobile. Palmtops supported by Palm Inc. use Palm OS. Pen-based systems include (5)……….so you write on the screen and the computer recognizes your handwriting and inserts the appropriate letters.

Interviewer: What sort of things can you do with a PDA?

Adam: You can store personal information, take notes, draw diagrams and make calculations. Many PDAs can access the Net via (6)……….technology.

Speaking

1. Discuss benefits and limitations of PDAs.

2. Explain how laptops can be beneficial to busy people.

3. Give examples of how tablet PC can be used in the classroom.

UNIT 4. INPUT, OUTPUT DEVICES

Focus: Input and output devices. Grammar focus: Gerund with prepositions.

Skills focus: Reading for specific information to know about input and output devices.

Before reading:

Discuss the question: ―How is it possible to interact with comput-er?‖Read the information about input and output devices.

There are some input and output devices. Let us start with input devices. Input devices are the pieces of hardware which allow us to enter informa-tion into the computer, for example, a keyboard, a mouse, a voice recogni-tion systems, scanners and cameras.

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The keyboard

A standard PC keyboard has various groups of keys.

Alphanumeric keys – these represent letters and numbers, arranged as on a typewriter.

A numeric keypad appears to the right of the main keyboard and con-tains numeric and editing keys; the Num Lock key is used to switch from numbers to editing functions.

Function keys appear at the top of the keyboard and can be pro-grammed to do special jobs.

Cursor keys include 'arrow keys' which move the insertion point, and keys such as Home, End, Page Up, and Page Down, which let you move around documents.

Dedicated keys are used to issue commands or produce alternative characters. For example; Ctrl changes the functions of other keys (e.g. Ctrl + X cuts the selected text).

Caps Lock sets the keyboard in 'CAPITALS' mode; it only affects letters.

Enter (or Return) is pressed to select options from a menu or to start a new paragraph.

Backspace deletes the character to the left of your current position.

The mouse

A mouse is a hand-held device that lets you move a pointer (or cursor) and select items on the screen. It has one or more buttons to communicate with the PC. A scroll wheel lets you move through your documents or web pages The pointer looks like an I-bar, an arrow or a pointing hand.

An optical mouse has an optical sensor instead of a ball underneath.

A cordless (wireless) mouse has no cable; it sends data via infrared sig-nals or radio waves.

Mouse actions:

to click – press and release the left button.

to double-click – press and release the left button twice.

to drag – hold down the button, move the pointer to a new place and then release the button.

to right-click – press and release the right button; this action displays a list of commands.