1.What is the main idea of the text?

2. What does the countryside attract the author with?

3. What is the author's attitude to the city?

4. What does the author miss?

5. What do you think about the story?

БИЛЕТ 14

1 Вопрос

THE LIVER

The liver is the largest gland in the body. It is located just below the diaphragm. Most of the liver lies on the right side of the body. Part of it extends to the left side and partly covers the stomach. The liver acts as a filter of the blood and a storehouse of digested food. It also acts as a digestive gland producing a digestive juice. Because it has so many functions, the liver is often called "jack-of-all-trades".

The liver also regulates the level of sugar in the blood. Keeping a normal blood sugar level is very important. Sugars are the primary source of energy for all cells. Without energy, our cells wouldn't be able to function. Regulating the level of blood sugar is not simple. This liver function is controlled by hormones. The liver stores important substances such as vitamins and iron. It also makes many substances that are found in blood plasma. Worn-out red blood cells are broken down by the liver. Some of the products from this process are reused. The rest are waste products and are removed from the body by the large intestine.

1.What is the main idea of the text?

2. What is the liver?

3. What does the liver change?

4. The liver stores important substances such as vitamins and iron, doesn’t it?

5. What do you think about the story?

БИЛЕТ 15

1 Вопрос

RIVER OF LIFE: BLOOD

For centuries, evil spirits in the body were thought to be the cause of illnesses. Bloodletting was a process used to drain blood of these evil spirits. Until the nineteenth century, bloodletting was the treatment for many illnesses. Barbers were the most common "surgeons". When people felt ill, they went to a barber for bloodletting. A striped pole and basin were the signs of the barbershop. The white stripe stood for the bandage and the red stripe stood for the blood. Today the barber pole is a reminder of the time when bloodletting was an important part of a barber's job.

Blood is one of the most important tissues in the body. It transports materials such as digested food, water, and oxygen to our cells. It carries wastes from the cells to the parts of the body where they are released. There are two main parts to whole blood — a liquid part and a solid part. About half of whole blood is clear, yellowish-coloured liquid called plasma. Most of plasma is water. Plasma proteins fight disease and help clot the blood. The disease-fighting plasma proteins are called antibodies. The solid part of the blood consists of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Red blood cells are round, somewhat like donuts without holes. Mature red blood cells contain hemoglobin. It gives the red blood cells their red colour. The function of hemoglobin is to combine with oxygen in the lungs and carry it to the cells. White blood cells are larger than red blood cells. There are fewer white blood cells than red blood cells.