1.What is the main idea of the text?

2. What were the signs of the barbershop?

3. Why is blood one of the most important tissues in the body?

4. What does plasma do?

5. What do you think about the story?

БИЛЕТ 16

1 Вопрос

KINGDOM FUNGI

Some fungi make us sneeze, others dirty our bathtubs, and many kinds spoil our food. These are some of the ways that fungi affect our lives. Most members of the kingdom Fungi are multicellular organisms with a complex cell structure, cell walls, and no chlorophyll. You can find them growing both inside and on top of their food. Fungi eat by releasing digestive chemicals into their food and absorbing the digested nutrients into their bodies. The fungi are divided into groups based on their body structure and how they produce reproductive structures called spores. Have you ever noticed a black or gray powdery substance growing on bread? These are the spore capsules of bread mould, an example of a threadlike fungus. By the way, penicillin was discovered, quite by chance, by Alexander Fleming when he noticed some mould on his plate. Mushrooms, puffballs, and bracket fungi are members of Club Fungi group. These familiar structures grow on the surface of soil or on dead trees. They come in a variety of shapes and colours. The members of Sac Fungi group resemble a wrinkled mushroom. Many of them are parasites that attack and cause diseases in several kinds of trees, such as elms and chestnut. Some even cause diseases in humans.

1.What is the main idea of the text?

2. How do fungi affect our lives?

3. What do Sac Fungi look like?

4. What are the effects of fungi?

5. What do you think about the text?

БИЛЕТ 17

1 Вопрос

ALIEN INVASION

A group of tiny aliens left their ship in Mobile, Alabama. Their bodies were red and shiny, and they walked on six legs. The aliens looked around and then quietly crawled off to make homes in their new land. In 1918, fire ants were accidentally imported to the USA in a freighter ship from South America. In their new environment, the imported fire ants had no natural predators or competitors. In addition, these ants are extremely aggressive, and their colonies can harbour many queens, instead of just one queen like many other ant species. With all these advantages it is not surprising that the ants have spread like wildfire. Imported fire ants have done a lot of damage as they have spread across the USA. Because they are attracted to electrical currents, these ants chew through wire insulation, causing shorts in electrical circuits. The invaders have also managed to disturb the natural balance of native ecosystems. In some areas, they have killed off 70 % of the native ant species and 40 % of other native insect species. Each year, about 25,000 people seek medical attention for painful fire-ant stings. Although about 157 chemicals, including ammonia, gasoline, extracts from manure, and harsh chemical pesticides, are registered for use against fire ants, most have little or no success. Unfortunately, many of these remedies harm the environment.