Vocabulary

Civil law (legal system) - романо-германська правова система; континентальна система права

Common law (legal system) - англо-саксонська правова система; прецидентна система права

Muslim law - система мусульманського (релігійного) права

Customary law - система традиційного (звичаєвого) права

Mixed law - змішана система права

widespread - дуже поширений

сustom – звичай, звичка ( pl. мито, митний збір, the Customs – митна служба)

habit – звичка, звичай

judicial decision – судове рішення

community – 1) громада, община, 2) ( the ~ ) суспільство 3) співтовариство, об’єднання, співдружність

a mixture - суміш

to base on – базувати(ся)

to apply – 1) застосовувати, вживати, використовувати; 2) подавати заяву;

3) звертатися за;

to refer to – відносити до (епохи, класу, тощо)

to derive from - походити

to be in force – бути чинним

to found on – спиратися, ґрунтуватися на;

to combine – поєднувати, змішувати, комбінувати

to follow – підтримувати, наслідувати

COMPREHENSION

3. Read the following statements and decide if they are true or false:

1. There are three main legal systems in the world.

2. Customary law is the predominant legal system of the world.

3. The Civil law system is derived mainly from Magna Carta.

4. The main characteristic of the civil law system is that laws are organized into systematic written codes.

5. The major feature of the Common law system is that laws are based on the previous judicial decisions (precedents).

6. Muslim (religious) law is a legal system which is of a religious nature and based on the Bible.

7. The Indian legal system combines elements of different types of legal systems.

Vocabulary study

4. Find in the text the words that correspond to the following definitions:

1. a systematically arranged and comprehensive collection of laws;

2. a common practice, the usual way of acting in the given circumstances;

3. people living together in organized communities with shared laws, traditions, and values;

d) the system of laws originated and developed in England and based on court decisions, on the doctrines implicit in those decisions, and on customs and usages rather than on codified written laws;

e) the law of continental Europe, based on a mixture of Roman, Germanic, ecclesiastical, feudal, commercial, and customary law.

4. Word formation. Complete the following table with the appropriate noun forms. Translate the words.

Noun	Other parts of speech
…	Customary
…	Mixed
…	Religious
…	Combine
…	Systematic

4. Find the odd word. Explain your choice:

1. society – community – tribe – island;

2. custom – practice – usually – habit;

3. folks – village – people – humanity;

4. agrarian – agricultural – urban – farming;

5. island – isle – the British Isles – sea.

4. Sorting activity. Sort the following words according to the related topics:

Civil law	Common law	Muslim law	Customary law	Mixed legal system

The customs of the community, judge-made laws, religious nature, a mixture of different types of legal systems, systematic written codes, judicial decisions, agrarian and hunting communities, Roman Law.

4. Write down the initial form of these words. Explain the changes in the spelling.

…	Referred
…	Applied
…	Countries
…	the earliest
…	Communities