- •Exam points (correspondence dpt)
- •1. Speak on the point: The role of the English language.
- •2. Define the meaning of the following: the Southern Cross.
- •1. Speak on the point: The Varieties of English: principles of classification.
- •2. Define the meaning of the following: the Stars and Stripes.
- •1. Speak on the point: Native Varieties of English.
- •2. Define the meaning of the following: Britain.
- •2. Define the meaning of the following: The Great Charter.
- •1. Speak on the point: The dialect situation in England in the 16-17th centuries. The criminal subculture.
- •2. Define the meaning of the following: England.
- •1. Speak on the point: The purist and nativist views of English.
- •1/3 Or ¼ of the people in the world understand and speak English to some degree.
- •2. Define the meanings of the following key words: the Witan.
- •1. Speak on the point: Canada. Geographical background. National symbols.
- •2. Define the meaning of the following: kiwi
- •1. Speak on the point: Australia: geographical background. National symbols.
- •2. Define the meaning of the following: Aotearoa.
- •1. Speak on the point: usa: geographical background. National symbols.
- •2. Define the meaning of the following: the Celts.
- •1. Speak on the point: Great Britain: geography and nature. National symbols.
- •2. Define the meanings of the following: Magna Charter.
2. Define the meaning of the following: England.
№ 10
1. Speak on the point: The purist and nativist views of English.
In the 14th century the pure dialect of London, beginning of formation of the linguistical norms.
Philosophical speculations: English’s full of simple words and compounds. But compounds could be treat as simple-the parts of them. The meaning could be understood from the parts, so English is a language of simple words, and Adam’s first words he spoke in Heaven-English.
English authors and classical authors found some parallels between English writers and classical writers, so English is better than the other – Latin and ancient Greek. It contains feature no other European language does – more letters in the alphabet, no W in other languages.
The purists thought, that English should follow old traditions. They watned to get off rid of all borrowings.
Should ally along the traditions of the best English writers.
Thomas Spread – suggested King’s (Queens) English. The main mission to the monarch – to serve people, to be close to people, preserve the old traditions.
2. Define the meaning of the following: The Great Charter.
1215 – Simon de Montfort – wanted to limit the King’s power. Magna Carta (The Great Charter), 63 sections, was the first document forced onto a King of England by a group of his subjects, the feudal barons, in an attempt to limit his powers by law and protect their privileges.
№ 12
1. Speak on the point: The dialect situation in England in the 16-17th centuries. The criminal subculture.
The second wave of Reneissance – Elizabeth II, assisted market and merchants. Many borrowings from Russia came to England-Tsar, tsaritsa, steryad, arshin. Saw the development of English in poetry and prose. Discussions about what the best-to speak and write, which expressions belonged to English, the concepts of the ideal English.
Scholars collected coins, geraldic scions, geographical names, documents. Compared English to classical writers of Latin and Greek.
Trilingual situation: French-government, Latin-church, science, English-colloquial. English surrounded by Celtic culture. Social divorce – since the Old English.
When after the black death population went to the cities, English divorcity was increased. Country speech didn’t fit the city life (types of cooking, houses). To communicate – a lot of new words, metaphoric and metonimic, corrupted pronunciation, different meaning. A great number of criminals. The language was a means of social contrast.
But argo was so metaphorical, bright, that many scientists and poets started to use it. Argo showed how high can be the degree of lingual creativity and how powerful can be the language as a means of social discrimination. Also proved the importance and necessity of linguistic expressivity.
2. Define the meaning of the following: the Mapple leaf
Maple Leaf. well before the coming of the first European settlers, Canada's aboriginal peoples had discovered the food properties of maple sap, which they gathered every spring. According to many historians, the maple leaf began to serve as a Canadian symbol as early as 1700. The maple tree was officially proclaimed national arboreal emblem of Canada on 25th April, 1996.
№ 13
1. Speak on the point: English as a global language.
Far more worldwide in it’s ditribution than all other spoken languages.
An official language in 52 countries as well as many small colonies and territories.