2. Define the meaning of the following: kiwi

Kiwi. The small species of flightless birds form an invariable part of New Zealand's identity known as kiwi.

№ 17

1. Speak on the point: Australia: geographical background. National symbols.

The population of Australia is concentrated along the eastern and southeastern coasts. The geography of the country is extremely diverse, ranging from the snow-capped mountains of the Australian Alps and Tasmania to large deserts, tropical and temperate forests.

The Union Flag is thought locally to symbolise Australia's history as the British colony and the principles upon which the Australian Federation is based.

The Commonwealth Star originally had only six points, representing the six federating colonies. However, this changed in 1908 when a seventh point was added to symbolise the Territory of Papua and any future territories.

The Southern Cross is one of the most distinctive constellations visible in the Southern Hemisphere, and has been used to represent Australia since the early days of British settlement.

On the flag of Australia are being used same colours, as on the flag of GB: blue, red, white. They simbolizes the history of the country: British colonial and the European past. Never the less, the blue colour has a more broad interpretation: as for the first point of view, it also symbolizes the fact that Australia is an island-mainland, as for the second-the first settlers had to sail by the sea there.

The shield is the focal point of the coat of arms, the whole surrounded by an ermine border representing the federation of the states. In the top half, from left to right, the states represented are: New South Wales (Cross of St. George, lion), Victoria (Imperial Crown, Southern Cross), and Queensland (Crown, Blue Maltese Cross). In the bottom half, from left to right: South Australia (piping shrike), Western Australia (black swan), and Tasmania (walking red lion). Above the shield is the seven-pointed Commonwealth Star or Star of Federation. Six of the points on the star represent the original six states, while the seventh point represents the combined territories and any future states of Australia.

The Red Kangaroo and Emu that support the shield are the unofficial animal emblems of the nation. They owe this recognition to the fact that they are native Australian fauna (found only on that continent), and likely chosen because they are the most well-known native Australian animals large enough to be positioned together in scale holding up the shield. In the background is wreath of Golden Wattle, the official national floral emblem.

2. Define the meaning of the following: Aotearoa.

Aotearoa (Māori: [aɔˈtɛaɾɔa]) is the most widely known and accepted Māori name for New Zealand.

№ 18

1. Speak on the point: usa: geographical background. National symbols.

The national flag of the United States of America. The 50 stars on the flag represent the 50 states of the United States of America and the 13 stripes represent the thirteen British colonies that declared independence from the Kingdom of Great Britain and became the first states in the Union. Nicknames for the flag include the "Stars and Stripes", "Old Glory", and "The Star-Spangled Banner."

The Great Seal of the United States. Eagle: In the center of the seal is a bald eagle (national bird). The eagle holds a scroll in its beak inscribed with the Latin motto E pluribus Unum - which means Out of Many, One (one nation created from 13 colonies). The eagle grasps an olive branch in its left talons and a bundle of thirteen arrows in its right. The olive branch and arrows are symbols for the power of peace and war.Shield: A shield with thirteen red and white stripes covers the eagle's breast. The shield is supported solely by the American eagle as a symbol that Americans rely on their own virtue.

The red and white stripes of the shield represent the states united under and supporting the blue, which represents the President and Congress. The color white is a symbol of purity and innocence; red represents hardiness and valor; and blue signifies vigilance, perseverance, and justice.

Cloud: Above the eagle's head is a cloud surrounding a blue field containing thirteen stars which form a constellation. The constellation denotes that a new State is taking its place among other nations.

Symbols on Reverse of Great Seal. Pyramid: The seal's reverse side contains a 13-step pyramid with the year 1776 in Roman numerals at the base. At the top of the pyramid is the Eye of Providence with the Latin motto Annuit Coeptis in the sky above - He favors our undertakings. Below the pyramid, a scroll reads Novus Ordo Seclorum - Latin for New Order of the Ages. which refers to 1776 as the beginning of the American new era.

Motto:  “In God we trust". The phrase appears to have originated in "The Star-Spangled Banner", written during the War of 1812. "E pluribus unum" (Latin) (traditional) "Out of many, one”.

National Bird of USA - The Bald Eagle, symbolizes strength, courage, freedom and immortality. National Flower of USA - Rose. National Tree of USA - Oak Tree.