Exercises:

1. Give Russian equivalents of the following phrases:

A collection of one or more photons, total darkness, to sense single photons, us in the form of millions of photons, the photons flowing through the room, a natural orbit, in a higher-than-normal orbit, a sodium vapor light, sodium atoms, to accept and emit energy, a pair of yellow lines, with very specific characteristics.

2. Complete the sentences

In total darkness, our eyes are actually able to...2. If you look around you right now, there is... . 3. The photon has a frequency, or color, that exactly matches.. .4.. If you run sodium light through a prism, you do not see a rainbow-... .

3. Put questions to the following sentences

I. Any light that you see is made up of a collection of one or more photons travelling through space as electromagnetic waves. 2. The photon has a frequency, or color, that exactly matches the distance the electron falls. 3. A sodium vapor light energizes sodium atoms to generate photons. 4. If you run sodium light through a prism, you do not see a rainbow — you see a pair of yellow lines.

4. Give the definitions

Electromagnetic waves, photons, a sodium vapor light.

5. Retell the text

Text 13 Electrical network Design methods

Vocabulary

network -сеть

resistor-резистор, катушка сопротивления

inductor - индуктор

capacitor - емкостное сопротивление

switch -выключатель, переключатель

circuit- цепь

loop-виток

current- ток

connection- соединение

predict- порочить

voltage-напряжение

simulate-воспроизводить

by hand - ручным способом

linear elements - линейные элементы

An electrical network is an interconnection of electrical elements such as resistors, inductors, capacitors, and switches.

An electrical circuit is a network that has a closed loop, giving a return path for the current. A network is a connection of two or more components, and may not necessarily be a circuit.

To design any electrical circuits, electrical engineers need to be able to predict the voltages and currents in the circuit. Linear circuits can be analysed to a certain extent by hand because complex number theory gives engineers the ability to treat all linear elements using a single mathematical representation.

Many engineers utilize special software to design and simulate circuits before building them. This method increases both time and cost efficiency since it does not require the engineer to build every circuit prototype in order to test it. The development of technologies such as VHDL has also eased the burden from engineers by simulating and automatically generating circuit designs.

Exercises:

1. Give Russian equivalents of the following phrases:

An electrical network, an interconnection of electrical elements, a closed loop, a return path for the current, a connection of two or more components, linear circuits, a single mathematical representation, electrical engineers, to design and simulate circuits, the development of technologies, automatically generating circuit designs.