(Страдательный залог)

To be + V3 Глагол to be ставится в соответствующую форму действительного залога, смысловой глагол имеет во всех временах одну и ту же форму причастия прошедшего времени (Past Participle).
Спряжение глагола to build (строить) в Passive Voice
Present Simple: am, is, are + V3
The house is built. The houses are built.	The house is not built. The houses are not built.		Is the house built? Are the houses built?
Past Simple: was, were + V3
The house was built last year. The houses were built 10 years ago.	The house was not built last year. The houses were not built 10 years ago.		Was the house built last year? Were the houses built 10 years ago?
Future Simple: will be + V3
The house will be built next year. The houses will be built in a year.	The house will not be built next year. The houses will not be built in a year.		Will the house be built next? Will the houses be built in a year?
Present Continuous: am, is are + being + V3
The house is being built now. The houses are being built now.	The house isn’t being built now. The houses are not being built now.		Is the house being built now? Are the houses being built now?
Past Continuous: was, were + being + V3
The house was being built then. The houses were being built then.	The house wasn’t being built then. The houses were not being built then.		Was the house being built then? Were the houses being built then?
Future Continuous – отсутствует
Present Perfect: have, has + been + V3
The house has been built this year. The houses have been built this year.		The house hasn’t been built yet. The houses haven’t been built yet.	Has the house been built yet? Have the houses been built yet?
Past Perfect: had + been + V3
The house had been built by 1990. The houses had been built by last year.		The house hadn’t been built by 1990. The houses hadn’t been built by last year.	Had the house been built by 1990? Had the houses been built by last year?
Future Perfect: will have + been + V3
The house will have been built by next year. The houses will have been built by next year.		The house won’t have been built by next year. The houses won’t have been built by next year.	Will the house have been built by next year? Will the houses have been built by next year?

1. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Passive Voice.

1. The letter (to send) last week. 2. The goods (to pack) by tomorrow. 3. The contract (to sign) before they arrived. 4. The advertising materials (to study) now. 5. The calculations (to check) when I came. 6. The prices (to raise) twice. 7. The preparations (to make) by that time. 8. How often the taxes (to pay)? 9. The delegation (to meet) at the airport the day after tomorrow. 10. How many products (to produce) at this factory this year? 11. The equipment (to adapt) to our conditions yet. 12. How the answer from the Supplier (to wait for)? 13. The invoice (to draw up) for 10 minutes when I came. 14. Why the claim (to make)? 15. … the calculations still (to check)? 16. Hardly the catalogues (to study when they asked them back. 17. Who he (to escort) by in his business trip? 18. We didn’t know that the defects already (to remedy). 19. The goods (to calculate) when we arrived. 20. The claim (to meet) at the earliest convenience. 21. The remainder (to settle) by the end of the week. 22. The payment never (to effect) in cash. 23. When the prices for raw materials (to raise)? 24. The specialists’ training (to arrange) in our training centres this month. 25. The shipment (to delay) for a week.

2. Поставьте предложения в отрицательную и вопросительную форму.

1. The contract will be signed in a week. 2. The invoice was drawn up an hour ago. 3. The room has been reserved. 4. The delivery is often delayed. 5. The requirements had been studied by your arrival. 6. The decision has been already made. 7. The letters are being typed now. 8. The terms of payment and delivery were being discussed the whole morning. 9. Her references had been studied before she had an interview. 10. He was being listened to attentively at the conference. 11. The contractual obligations will have been met by the appointed date. 12. The problem had been discussed for an hour when we came. 13. The problem has been settled today. 14. These goods are usually marked in indelible paint. 15. The equipment will be put into operation next month.

3. Передайте предложения в Passive Voice.

1. We have improved the performance of our equipment. 2. The company will develop tactical plans for implementation of distribution strategy. 3. We had sent the deposit by May, 25. 4. Our firm is conducting marketing research now. 5. We base our decisions on reliable information. 6. They increased the sum of the contract last month. 7. We will create a network of agents next month. 8. We will take al possible measures to attract these customers. 9. They settled the dispute amicably. 10. They exclude these points from the appendix before negotiations. 11. The authorized representative usually escorts our cargo. 12. They are making a trial order at the moment. 13. How long have you been developing the advertising messages? 14. Why haven’t you re-equip the office yet? 15. He had been operating the computer for 12 hours when it broke down. 16. They don’t know the latest data on this question. 17. He was studying a new descriptive brochure when the Manager called him. 18. We never refer to these catalogues. 19. We learnt that they had reduced the power consumption of their equipment. 20. If you break the agreement we will refuse the order.

4. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Active Voice или Passive Voice.

1. Service life of our equipment (to extend) in the near future. 2. They (to study) your requirements now. 3. The duties already (to pay). 4. They left after the terms of delivery (to discuss). 5. They (to reduce) the power consumption of their equipment. 6. The main principles of the agreement (to study) now. 7. The guarantee period of the equipment (to prolong). 8. This report (not to improve) yet. 9. When this office (to re-equip)? 10. We (to give) you a 10 per cent discount for the next order. 11. He (to deprive) of the right to refer to the force majeure circumstances if he (not inform) about then within 10 days. 12. He (to draw) $200 on us at 60 days sight. 13. They (not to get) down to business yet. 14. The draft agreement (to approve) by Monday. 15. They (to apply) to arbitration as the dispute (not to settle) amicably. 16. …you (to check) the Test Report yet? 17. I hope I (to bring) to date on the problem as soon as possible. 18. The principles of the contract still (to discuss). 19. How long … the goods (to ship) when it started raining. 20. We expect that all preparations (to make) by due date. 21. …you (to remind) the customers of the outstanding amount? 22. We (to inform) that the delivery (to make) in three lots. 23. The fragile goods (to damage) as the (not to pack) properly. 24. The goods (not to insure) against fire and leakage. 25. Unfortunately the equipment (to exceed) standard dimensions. 26. Whom the losses (to cover) by? 27. How long …he (to show) around the shops? 28. These spare parts often (to look for). 29. The goods (to lose) as they (to send) to a wrong address. 30. When … you (apply) for this position?

5. Переведите на английский язык, употребляя глаголы в Active and Passive Voice.

1. Новый Совет директоров будет выбран через месяц. 2. Оплата еще не произведена. 3. Почему была отложена встреча? 4. Необходимая информация будет получена к концу недели. 5. Какие проблемы обсуждаются сейчас? 6. Письмо было послано факсом? 7. Какую работу тебе предложили? 8. Ваше предложение не приняли. 9. Аккредитив будет открыт на следующей неделе. 10. Заказ был размещен у этой фирмы до того, как вы позвонили. 11. Почему вы не получили скидку на такой большой заказ? 12. Мы тщательно изучили требования этой фирмы, прежде чем договор был заключен. 13. На эти расчеты больше не ссылаются, их считают недействительными. 14. Когда товары были запушены на рынок? 15. Мы не получили эту информацию вовремя, так как факс был отправлен с запозданием. 16. Они покрыли убытки, так как просмотрели хищение груза. 17. Нам прояснили все пункты заказа, но мы его еще изучаем. 18. Почему было отложено погашение счета? 19. Как долго он составляет трудовой договор? 20. Какие пункты были исключены из этой статьи контракта? 21. Мы увеличим сумму контракта, после того как получим одобрение исполнительного директора. 22. Эта статья контракта не оговаривает страхование и форс–мажорные обстоятельства. 23. Контейнера уже закрепляют в трюме? 24. Новые брошюры прилагаются к этому каталогу? 25. Что вызвало падение деловой активности этой компании?

6. Найдите и исправьте ошибку в предложениях.

1. The mail was delivered by 9 o’clock. 2. The problem haven’t been settled yet. 3. The work won’t have been finished in the evening. 4. Hurry up! You are been waited for. 5. Where are negotiations conduct? 6. What question are being discussed now? 7. When the goods were shipped? 8. The equipment will have been adapted to your needs. 9. The delivery and payment terms were discussing in the evening yesterday. 10. How often duties are paid? 11. The prices were being revised a week ago. 12. The additional materials are being enclose with this order. 13. Will the business activity been reduced? 14. The visa has been put on the passport at the end of the month. 15. Why had the responsibility for damage been declined by the Consignor? 16. The training courses are being arranged in the centres in a week. 17. The equipment isn’t provide with maintenance for all its service life. 18. The equipment of modern designs haven’t been put into operation yet. 19. Some points of the order was included yesterday. 20. I think we will be substituted the goods, which are not available in the warehouse. 21. The maintenance of the equipment was being discuss the whole evening yesterday. 22. The references and Resumes will studied in an hour. 23. The Letter of Credit has opened with this bank. 24. How long have been the goods marked? 25. Our descriptive brochures have been studying since they came off the press. 26. How many samples are been enclosed with the letter? 27. The exhibition was being held after the Manager’s approval was obtained. 28. They have been granted exclusive rights last month. 29. All necessary preparations are been made for the negotiations for a week. 30. Are you paying regular monthly salaries? 31. The plans will have be implemented by next year. 32. The contract have been signed on consignment basis. 33. How your goods were distributed? 34. When I called our representative was being show around the works. 35. How will be your goods launched and promoted? 36. It’s the first time the network of agents have been created in this firm. 37. The folder with information had been sent by separate mail twice. 38. All expenses connected with the dead freight or demurrage will being charged to the Sellers’ account. 39. The supplied equipment had been manufactured in full conformity with technical specification of the contract. 40. As the defects have not been eliminated, the Buyer requested a corresponding reduction from its price.

Выполните лексико–грамматический тест.

1. The delivery and payment terms __________ the whole morning.

a) were being discussed b) were discussed c) had been discussed c) have been discussed

2. How often _____ taxes ______?

a) do pay b) are paid c) are being paid d) was paid

3. The entrance visa _________ care of.

a) will take b)have been taken c) will be taken d) had been taken

4. _____ the excess luggage charge _____?

a) has been paid b) did pay c) have been paid d) was being paid

5. The prices ________ two weeks ago.

a) are quoted b) have been quoted c) were quoted d) have quoted

6. The advertising materials _________ with this letter.

a) was enclosed b) have enclosed c) had been enclosed d) are being enclosed

7. ____ the business activity _______?

a) will have been expanded b) will be expanded c) will expand d) expands

8. The visa _______ on the passport by the end of the week.

a) had been put b) have been put c) has been put d) is put

9. Why _______ by the Seller?

a) the responsibility for losses was declined b) was the responsibility for losses declined c) have the responsibility for losses declined d) had the responsibility for losses declined

10. The management of the company ____________.

1. had been improved b) improved c) was being improved d) has been improved

11. An exact change only ______ here.

a) is accepted b) accepts c) accepted d) had been accepted

12. When we arrived at the airport the baggage __________.

a) had been already weighed b) has been already weighed c) was already weighed d) was being already weighed

13. The training of specialists ________ in the centres now.

a) are being arranged b) is arranged c) is being arranged d) arranges

14. The duration of guarantee period ________.

a) will have been prolonged b) will prolong c) is prolonged d) will be prolonged

15. The equipment ________ with technical support for all its service life.

a) is provided b) is being provided c) provides d) will provide

16. The equipment of modern design ________ into operation in time.

a) haven’t been put b) hasn’t been put c) didn’t put d) wasn’t put

17. Some points of the order ______ clear the day before yesterday.

1. had been made b) have been made c) were made d) made

18. I think we _______ a substitute for the goods, which are not available in the warehouse.

a) will have been offered b) will be offered c) offered d) are offering

19. ____ the gifts ____?

a) have been declared b) had been declared c) are declaring d) have declared

20. How long ___ the customs form ______ when you arrived?

a) has been filled b) have been filled c) had been filled d) was filled

21. The maintenance of the equipment _______ the whole evening yesterday.

a) was being discussed b) was discussed c) had been discussed d) discussed

22. How long is it since the flight _______?

a) has announced b) had been announced c) was announced d) announced

23. The references and Resumes _______ then.

a) were being studied b) were studied c) studied d) had been studied

24. The Letter of Credit _______ for the full value of goods.

1. was opening b) had been opened c) have been opened d) was opened

25. How long ___ the goods _____?

a) were discharged b) had been discharged c) have been discharged d) were discharging

26. This equipment ___ by inexperienced personnel; it is going to be broken.

a) is operated b) operates c) have been operated d) was operated

27. Our complete catalogues ______ since they were published.

a) were studied b) are studied c) have been studied d) studied

28. How many samples ______ to the catalogue?

a) have been attached b) attached c) have attached d) are attaching

29. The trial order was made after the final approval _____.

a) have been obtained b) had been obtained c) was obtained d) had obtained

30. They _____ exclusive rights recently.

a) have been granted b) were granted c) are granted d) have granted

31. All necessary preparations _______ for the tests now.

a) are made b) have been made c) are being made d) are making

32. Are you paid regular weekly salaries or are you on commission?

33. The objectives _______ by next year.

a) will be implemented b) will have implemented c) will have implemented d) will implement

34. The draft contract ______yet.

a) wasn’t made up b) hadn’t made up c) hasn’t been made up d) has been made up

35. Our manager _______ to the future conference.

a) will be invited b) will have been invited c) will invite d) is invited

36. Your goods ______ distributed by winter.

a) will distribute b) will be distributed c) will have been distributed d) will have distributed

37. When I call your representative _______ around the warehouse.

a) will be shown b) will be showing c) will show d) will have shown

38. How ____ your goods _______?

a) were promoted b) have promoted c) had been promoted d) promoted

39. It was the second time the faulty equipment ________.

a) have been replaced b) was replaced c) had been replaced d) had replaced

40. The information _______ by competent specialist twice.

a) was checked b) has checked c) has been checked d) had been checked

41. What expenses _____ to the Sellers’ account.

a) charged b) were charged c) have charged d) had been charged

42. The equipment _______ for two days when we came.

a) was tested b) was being tested c) have been tested d) had been tested

43. The guarantee period will be extended if putting into operation _____ not through the Buyers’ fault.

a) has been delayed b) will be delayed c) had been delayed d) delays

44. The Buyers ____ to deduct the penalty charged while effecting payments against the Sellers’ invoices.

a) entitles b) are entitled c) is entitled d) are entitling

45. When ___ the defects _____.

1. were eliminated b) have been eliminated c) had eliminated d) had eliminated

46. The data ______three times.

1. have been checked b) has been checked c) have checked d) were checked

47. The progress payment ______for a week.

1. have been made b) was making c) has been made d) had been made

48. He _____ as my assistant today.

1. have been appointed b) was appointed c) appointed d) has been appointed

49. The pilferage of the cargo ______ through your fault.

1. had been overlooked b) have been overlooked c) was overlooked d) was overlooking

50. The claim _____ as it was grounded.

1. has been met b) was met c) had been met d) met

51. You can speak to the Manager, you ______through.

1. were put b) will be put c) are putting d) have been put

52. What amendments ______ to the Appendix.

1. are made b) has been made c) were made d) are making

53. The mistakes ______ before you called.

1. were corrected b) were correcting c) had corrected d) had been corrected

54. I think that the disputes _____ to arbitration.

1. are referring b) will be referred c) will refer d) will have been referred

55. This vessel _____last month.

1. had been chartered b) has been chartered c) was chartered d) chartered

56. The execution of the contract _____ through the circumstances outside our control.

1. have been suspended b) was suspended c) suspended d) was suspending

57. How often _____dividends _____?

1. was paid b) were paid c) are paid d) have paid

58. Why _____you _____of the right to dispose of these goods?

1. were deprived b) have deprived c) had been deprived d) are being deprived

59. This advanced technology _______ before the exhibition.

1. was provided b) has been provided c) had been provided d) had provided

60. At last the mutual understanding ______.

a) have been reached b) was reached c) has been reached d) is reached

61. The Release Note for Shipment still _______.

1. is checked b) is checking c) is being checked d) was checked

62. We are going to cancel the agreement as we _____ a square deal.

1. will be given b) are given c) had been given d) give

63. As the correspondence is null and void it _______ to.

1. won’t be referred b) will be referred c) won’t refer d) will refer

64. We got aggressive as our requirements ______.

1. haven’t been met b) were not met c) hadn’t been met d) hadn’t met

65. Where _____the spare parts for this equipment _____?

a) are being produced b) has been produced c) are produced d) do produce

66. They received a lot of orders after the performance of the equipment ___.

1. have been improved b) has been improved c) had been improved d) was improved

67. The equipment _______for two months.

1. have been modified b) has been modified c) has been modifying d) has modified

68. When they were discussing the principles of the contract they _____.

1. interrupted b) were being interrupted c) were interrupted d) were interrupting

69. The prices for these goods ______ a few times.

1. have been reduced b) were reduced c) have reduced d) are reduced

70. The customers settled the debt after they ________ of it.

a) were reminded b) are reminded c) had reminded d) had been reminded

Переведите предложения на английский язык.

1. Его встретят на вокзале в Брайтоне.

2. Вам был забронирован одноместный номер, не правда ли?

3. Час назад его зарегистрировали на рейс 557 в Нью-Йорк.

4. Его въездную визу собираются продлить.

5. Сигареты были внесены в декларацию?

6. Почему был отложен рейс?

7. Сейчас обсуждаются условия оплаты и доставки?

8. Бронь будет подтверждена к первому сентября.

9. Оборудование уже было разгружено, когда прибыл исполнительный директор.

10. Рекомендательные письма и резюме были поданы к 11 часам.

11. Как долго составляется контракт? Он еще не предоставлен.

12. Она заполняла таможенную декларацию полчаса, когда объявили ее рейс.

13. Здесь принимают только без сдачи.

14. Когда визу собираются проставить в паспорт?

15. Переговоры проводили два часа, когда мне позвонили.

16. Его знают как управляющего этой фирмы уже два года.

17. Сколько прошло времени с тех пор, как была основана компания.

18. Он не опоздал на встречу. Его подвезли?

19. Когда я прибыл, рекламные материалы просматривались.

20. Решение уже было принято, когда я приехал.

21. Тебя будут ждать на автобусной остановке в 5 часов.

22. Сейчас назначается встреча, не правда ли?

23. Цены уже будут установлены, когда я приду?

24. Почему была подана жалоба? — Она была подана, так как не были выполнены контрактные обязательства.

25. Деньги вносили на депозит трижды.

26. Когда была предоставлена виза? — Ее еще не предоставили.

27. Об этой передовой технологии много говорят.

28. За излишек багажа уже заплатили.

29. Как долго заполняют таможенную декларацию?

30. О выездной визе позаботятся.

31. Когда была подтверждена бронь?

32. Как долго разгружается корабль?

33. Будет решение принято к среде?

34. У вас будет собеседование, как только будут рассмотрены ваши рекомендательные письма и резюме.

35. Почта была доставлена к 9 утра.

36. Почему еще не куплены билеты?

37. Переговоры проводятся с 10 утра, не правда ли?

38. Я не думаю, что аккредитив будет открыт на полную стоимость товаров.

39. Заказ уже выполнен? — Нет, его сейчас выполняют.

40. Когда мы прибыли, товары уже были доставлены на склад.

41. Исполнительному директору оставили сообщение.

42. Эти товары ввозились в нашу страну два года назад, сейчас они не пользуются спросом.

43. Условия оплаты обсуждаются уже час, но решение еще не принято.

44. Условия сделки уже были обсуждены, когда вы позвонили.

45. Едва мы узнали о задержке в оплате, как была получена телеграмма от покупателя.

46. Товары будут доставлены розничному торговцу немедленно.

47. Где пакуют и маркируют товары?

48. Цены уже установлены. Они представлены в текущем каталоге и прейскуранте.

49. Товары будут застрахованы на полную стоимость.

50. Расценки прилагаются к текущему каталогу?

51. Срок службы оборудования будет увеличен в ближайшем будущем.

52. Сопроводительные письма и резюме были поданы к 1 сентября.

53. Моего друга стажируют на пост управляющего по сбыту сейчас.

54. Основные характеристики оборудования изучались в то время.

55. Почему его уволили с работы?

56. Сколько фотографий и образцов было приложено к письму?

57. Кандидатуры на пост управляющего по сбыту обсуждаются сейчас?

58. Прилагаются ли резюме и сопроводительные письма к анкете?

59. На этом компьютере не работают уже месяц, он был поломан стажером.

60. Оборудование уже введено в эксплуатацию?

61. Если описательные брошюры будут приложены к письму, мы ознакомимся с ассортиментом вашей продукции.

62. Почему была отозвана жалоба?

63. Где хранятся образцы товаров?

64. Бракованное оборудование было заменено на новое, хорошего качества.

65. На эти списки товаров часто ссылаются.

66. Пробный заказ выполняют уже неделю.

67. Когда мы позвонили, цены еще не были установлены.

68. Где указаны запасные и изнашиваемые детали?

69. Спор был урегулирован мирно.

70. Хрупкие товары будут промаркированы особым образом.

71. Номер будет закреплен за мной до 6 часов.

72. Почему была отменена встреча?

73. Частные вопросы сделки будут решены к концу недели.

74. Извините, я задержался из-за «пробки» на транспорте.

75. Доктор Бартон – очень важный человек, его приемные часы расписаны до минутки.

76. Когда я пришел, обсуждался ход переговоров.

77. Нам было выдвинуто заманчивое предложение.

78. Я думаю, его убедят отложить свидание.

79. Было найдено согласие по всем основным вопросам.

80. Меня соединили, и я поговорил с начальником финансового отдела.

81. Они заинтересованы в наших инвестиционных услугах.

82. Условия контракта собираются пересмотреть.

83. Почему было приостановлено выполнение контрактных обязательств?

84. Срок действия контракта будет продлен.

85. Особые условия выполнения контракта перечислены в приложении.

86. Оплата этой суммы производится по истечении гарантийного периода.

87. Все расходы Банка страны Продавца – за счет Продавца.

88. Почему поставка не была принята?

89. Штраф будет удерживаться со счетов Продавца при оплате их Покупателем.

90. Покупатель вправе потребовать от Продавца уплаты штрафа за просрочку в поставке.

91. Невыполнение обязательств по настоящему контракту было вызвано наводнением.

92. Покупателю будут возмещены убытки со стороны Продавца.

93. Поставляемое оборудование изготовлено в полном соответствии с технической спецификацией настоящего контракта.

94. Решение арбитров было вынесено большинством голосов на основании условий настоящего контракта.

95. Поставка будет завершена к концу недели, не правда ли?

96. Срочная поставка была начата час назад.

97. Задержка в поставках была вызвана нарушением Вами графика платежей.

98. Кем было зафрахтовано это судно?

99. Грузы будут доставляться по шоссейной дороге.

100. Какие сопроводительные документы потребовались для перевозки груза?

101. Так как споры были урегулированы, дело не было передано в арбитраж.

102. Проект соглашения обсуждали два дня, прежде чем утвердили.

103. Почему был приостановлен выпуск продукции?

104. Нас еще не ввели в курс дела по условиям оплаты.

105. В отчете было много ошибок, так как он был составлен неопытным специалистом.

106. Я надеюсь, убытки будут покрыты к концу месяца.

107. Цены не будут пересмотрены в ближайшее время.

108. Какие меры сейчас принимаются, чтобы уладить проблему?

SEQUENCE OF TENSES