1) إذا كان فعل القول Said – Says – Say لا يحولوا.
أما
إذا
كان
فعل
القول.
Say to tell
Says to tells
Said to told
2- تحذف الكومة (Comma) وعلامات التنصيص
3) نربط بكلمة "that" ويمكن حذفها.
1- Ali said to Ahmed, "I go to school". Mr Wahid
Ali told Ahmed that he went to school.
4) تحول الضمائر كما سبق:
تحول الأزمنة : من المضارع ( بسيط – تام – مستمر ) إلى الماضي ولكن تبقى أزمنة الماضى كما هى ماعدا الماضى البسيط يمكن أن يظل كما هو أو يتحول إلى الماضى التام . ( ولا نغير الأزمنة إذا كان فعل القول مضارع ) انظر الجدول
هذه الكلمات |
تحول إلى |
هذه الكلمات |
تحول إلى |
now |
then |
next…. |
the following…. |
today |
that day |
last…… |
the ….before |
tomorrow |
the next day |
…..ago |
…..before |
yesterday |
the day before |
this |
that |
أمثلة
1- My friend said "I went to Paris". ماضى بسيط
My friend said that he had gone to Paris. ماضى تام
2- Marwa said "I’m playing with my uncle". مضارع مستمر
Marwa said that she was playing with her uncle. ماضى مستمر
كيف تختار فى المباشر والغير مباشر
-
عندما يكون بعدها
عندما يكون قبلها
متى تختار كلمة
said
told
asked
said to
that
if / whether
to
not to
الزمن
كلمات المضارع البسيط
كلمات المضارع المستمر
كلمات المضارع التام
كلمات الماضى البسيط
كلمات المستقبل البسيط
ترتيب الجملة إذا كان فعل القول asked
take
-
يدون - يكتب
take down
يقلع للطائرات
take off
يشبه
take after
يخلع ملابس
take off
R
elative
Pronouns
ضمائر
الوصل
أولاً: ( who ) الذى أو التى للعاقل ، وتحل محل الفاعل العاقل والمفعول العاقل:
Ahmed plays football. Ahmed is my brother.
Ahmed who plays ( فعل) football is my brother.
لاحظ أن who جاءت بعد الفاعل العاقل ويأتى بعدها فعل ، والجملة بها فاعل واحد فقط.
ثانياً: (لغير العاقل) Which
وتحل محل الفاعل والمفعول الغير عاقل ، ولابد أن يأتى قبلها اسم غير عاقل.
The cat is playing. The cat is mine.
The cat which is playing, is mine.
ثالثاً: That
وهى تحل محل الفاعل والمفعول العاقل وغير العاقل أى أنها تستخدم بدلاً من.
{ which, who }
Ahmed that plays football is my brother.
The bird that flies is very beautiful.
رابعا ً: (حيث) Where
تحل محل المكان يأتى قبلها مكان.
We go to school. The school is very big.
The school where we go, is very big.
Mr Wahid
خامساً: (من للملكية) Whose
(الذى – التى) للملكية العاقل وغير العاقل ، وتأتى فى الجملة التى بها ضمير الملكية أو (s) الملكية أو (had – has – have) أو ضمائر الملكية أو own – possess.
I have a cat its tail is long.
I have a cat whose tail is long.
I have a friend. His car is red.
I have a friend whose car is red.
خامسا ً: (عندما – وقتما ) When
تحل محل الوقت يأتى قبلها ظرف زمان. ( time – month – day – hour – season.
September is the month when we go to school.
We go to Alex in summer when it is hot.
حذف
ضمائر
الوصل
يمكن حذف ضمير الوصل (who – which – that إذا جاء بعده مفعول ( إسم أو ضمير )
I bought the book which you told me about.
I bought the book , you told me about.
This is the doctor who Marwa met in Alex.
This is the doctor, Marwa met in Alex.
خطوات ربط جملتين باستخدام ضمير وصل:
....................................................
....................................................
...................................................
1- The man ……… lives near us is a doctor.
a) which b) whom c) who d) whose
2- Did you see the man ……… I helped. Mr Wahid
a) where b) who c) whose d) which
3- I didn’t find the book ……… I had lost.
a) who b) which c) whose d) whom
4- This is Hany ……… father is teacher.
a) who b) which c) whose d) that
5- This is boy ……… took my pen.
a) who b) which c) whose d) where
6- I saw my friend ……… I met last week.
a) who b) which c) whose d) where
7- The people ……… are looking at that house are my parents.
a) who b) whom c) which d) whose
8- I like films ……… are interesting.
a) who b) whom c) which d) whose
9- I have a cat ……… name is Sherry.
a) who b) whom c) which d) that
10- The man (who – which – whose – when) bought tat house is rich.
11- This is the girl (which – why – whose – who) I met yesterday.
12- This is the man (that – who – whose – which) house I live in.
13- The pen (who – what – whose – that)I you bought is very good.
14- The girl (which – who – whose – that) he married is my sister.
15- I saw the house (who – which – whose – what) was on fire.
16- The boy (which – whose – when – that) walks slowly is very weak.
17- He gave me money (who – what – which – whose) was enough.
18- Men (who – whose – what – which) are rich must help the poor.
19- Her brother (whose – what – that – who) name is Tarek, travelled abroad.
20. Maher said ............................ he was coming soon at seven.
a. to b. if c. not to d. that
21. The captain told his .......... that they should help the people on the ship.
a. pilots b. sailors c. teachers d. professors
22. Maha .,.,...... Sahar that she had visited the High Dam.
a. asked b. begged c. told d. advised
23. The doctor said to the patient, "What's .......... with you?" - I've a cold.
a. wrong b. right c. mistake d. trouble
24. Akram told Hakim that he ......... the article.
a. will write b. had written c. has just written d. writes
25. Young people can't......... jobs easily.
a. sell b. buy c. find d. hire
26. Hend said that.......... was very happy.
a. me b. her c. she d.hers
27- Salma has been .........., so she should see a doctor.
a. sleepwalking b. reading c. playing d. studying
28- He said he (will – would – may - can) visit the zoo.
29- He asked (can he buy – could he buy – if he would buy) some cakes.
30- She said she (gets – has got – had got) a lot of orange.
31- He says he (goes – had gone – is going) to school everyday.
32- He (said – wanted to know – told) why she was absent. Mr Wahid
33- She asked where (did she meet – she met – had she met) him.
34- They wanted to know (if he went – did he go – whether did he go) to Luxor.
35- They wanted to know (if – whether – how much) a kilo of rice cost.
36- He asked where (did he go – he had gone – he is going).
37- He says that he (need – needs – is needs – would need) some meat.
38. The bus is setting .......... to Sharm El-Sheikh.
a. on b. out c. off d. up
39. It was thought that other sailors .......... everyone but, there was no blood on the ship.
a. brought b. bought c. killed d. bribed
40. He thought that there .......... something wrong with the ship.
a. is b. was c. are d. were
41. The sailor said .......... breakfast was ready.
a. if b. to c. that d. no to
42. "There is money on the ship",.......... the sailors.
a. asked b. said c. told d. enquired
43. We study hard to .......... our goals.
a. arrive b. reach c. get off d. disappear
44. We'll never know the .......... to the mystery of the ship.
a. dialogue b. question c. answer d. request
49........... reporter said that sailors were killed by other sailors.
a. Other b. Another c. Others d. The others
50. He said that he .......... T.V. then.
a. watched b. is watching c. watches d. was watching
51. The leader .......... the controller that he was flying over the sea and his compass was not working.
a. told b. said to c. asked d. advised
52. The leader ……………… "I'm lost and I don't know how to return to the airport."
a. asked b. said to c. told d. said
53. "I.......... my homework now," said Ramy.
a. do b. am doing c. did d. was doing
54. An air controller is a person .......... guides pilots.
a. when b. whose c. which d- who
55. Bermuda is an island where many boats had ...........
a. driven b. drowned c. sunk d. swum
56. The National Museum is the place ………….. people can see many statues.
a. when b. which c. where d. who
57. Arab students should get.......... with each other.
a. in touch b. off c. over d. in
58. The T-shirt .......... Hassan bought yesterday is expensive.
a- whose b. which c. who d. when
59. The train .......... at the station at 5 p.m.
a. reached b. got c. arrived d. left
60. The man .......... car is modern, is a teacher of English.
a. whose b. that c. who d. which
1. He said to the teacher, "I don't understand this lesson." (He told the teacher)
……………………………………………………………………….
2. "The plane is flying to London", said the pilot, (that.....)
……………………………………………………………………….
3. "We didn't find any sailors on the ship", said the captain. (The captain said that....)
……………………………………………………………………….
4. "I didn't revise my lessons before the exam.", said my brother.
(My brother said that......)
……………………………………………………………………….
1. The flight leader said, "We all know the place where we are going."
(The flight leader said that)
……………………………………………………………………….
2. He told the student pilots that he wanted them to follow him. (said to)
……………………………………………………………………….
3. "Your radio message is very weak", the controller said to the flight leader, (told)
……………………………………………………………………….
4. Samy told Ahmed that he had got his bag. (Samy said to Ahmed)
……………………………………………………………………….
1. Maged helped the old man. His hair was grey. (whose)
……………………………………………………………………….
2. The conference was held at the hotel. (where)
……………………………………………………………………….
3. She understood the lesson. It was difficult. (which)
……………………………………………………………………….
4. The girl gets full marks. She is clever. (who)
……………………………………………………………………….
1- Huda said.to me, "I'm going to be late home." (that)
……………………………………………………………………….
2- Sally is very nice. I borrowed Sally's pen. (whose)
……………………………………………………………………….
3- Our school is made up of three buildings, (consists)
……………………………………………………………………….
4- I bought the car. You had told me about it. (which)
……………………………………………………………………….
