3.2 Furnace

Activity 1 Read the words and word-combinations with the translation.

furnace ['fɜːnɪs]	горно; піч; топка
use [juːs]	вживати
refractory [rɪ'fræktərɪ]	тугоплавкий; вогнетривкий
provide [prə'vaɪd]	постачати; забезпечувати
electric arc furnaces	електродугові печі
induction furnaces	впускові печі
cupola ['kjuːp(ə)lə]	вагранка
reverberatory	рефлектор
crucible ['kruːsəbl] furnaces	тигельні печі
choice [ʧɔɪs]	вибір
quantity ['kwɒntɪtɪ]	кількість
ferrous ['ferəs]	залізистий; що містить у собі двовалентне залізо
casting ['kɑːstɪŋ]	лиття, відливання; відливок, литво
multiple ['mʌltɪp(ə)l]	багаторазовий; багатократний; численний
fuel [fjuəl]	паливо
coke [kəuk]	кокс
majority [mə'ʤɒrɪtɪ]	більшість
dedicate ['dedɪkeɪt]	присвячувати
either ['aɪðə]	той чи той; один з двох; кожний
brass [brɑːs]	латунь, жовта мідь
resistance [rɪ'zɪstəns]	опір, протидія

reverberatory	(відображальний) a furnace in which the roof and walls are heated by flames and radiate heat on to material in the centre of the furnace
crucible furnaces	a ceramic or metal container in which metals or other substances may be melted or subjected to very high temperatures

Activity 2 Read and translate the text.

Furnace

Several specialised furnaces are used to melt the metal. Furnaces are refractory lined vessels that contain the material to be melted and provide the energy to melt it. Modern furnace types include electric arc furnaces (EAF), induction furnaces, cupolas, reverberatory, and crucible furnaces. Furnace choice is dependent on the alloy system and quantities produced. For ferrous materials, EAFs, cupolas, and induction furnaces are commonly used. Reverberatory and crucible furnaces are common for producing aluminum castings.

Furnace design is a complex process, and the design can be optimized based on multiple factors. Furnaces in foundries can be any size and they are designed according to the type of metals that are to be melted. Also, furnaces must be designed around the fuel being used to produce the desired temperature. For low temperature melting point alloys, such as zinc or tin, melting furnaces may reach around 327 Celsius. Electricity, propane, or natural gas are usually used for these temperatures. For high melting point alloys such as steel or nickel based alloys, the furnace must be designed for temperatures over 3600 Celsius. The fuel used to reach these high temperatures can be electricity or coke.

The majority of foundries specialize in a particular metal and have furnaces dedicated to these metals. For example, an iron foundry (for cast iron) may use a cupola, induction furnace, or EAF, while a steel foundry will use an EAF or induction furnace. Bronze or brass foundries use crucible furnaces or induction furnaces. Most aluminum foundries use either an electric resistance or gas heated crucible furnaces or reverberatory furnaces.

electric arc furnaces (EAF)

crucible furnaces

induction furnaces

Activity 3 Match the following English words with their Ukrainian equivalents.

1	electric arc furnaces (EAF)	a	куполи, вагранка
2	induction furnaces	b	бронзові ливарні
3	cupolas	c	відображальний
4	reverberatory	d	конструкція печі
5	crucible furnaces	e	індукційні печі
6	furnace design	f	латунне литво
7	bronze foundries	g	електродугові печі
8	brass foundries	h	тигельні печі

Activity 4 Read the text and complete the sentences.

1. Several specialised furnaces are used to…

2. Furnaces are …

3. Modern furnace types include…

4. Furnace choice is dependent on…

5. Furnace design is…

6. The majority of foundries specialize in a particular metal and have furnaces...

Activity 5 Give your associations to the word “Furnace”.

	Furnace

Activity 6 Answer the questions.

1. What is used to melt the metal?

2. What are furnaces?

3. What do modern furnace types include?

4. Furnace choice is dependent on the alloy system and quantities produced, isn`t it?

5. Is furnace design a complex process?

6. What do you know about furnaces in foundries?

7. What do the majority of foundries specialize in? For example…