15. truce [countable] an agreement between enemies to stop fighting or arguing for a short time, or the period for which this is arranged перемирие: The rebels have ended a 17-month-old truce, and could strike at any time. | The fighting of recent days has given way to an uneasy truce between the two sides. | The fragile truce between the two sides is not expected to last long.

16. Ceasefire | armistice | truce collocations

to call for a ceasefire / armistice / truce призывать к прекращению огня, требовать прекращения огня: They called for a ceasefire in the region and for access for humanitarian aid deliveries.

to negotiate / work out a ceasefire / armistice / truce подготовить / разработать соглашение о прекращении огня

to achieve / negotiate a ceasefire / armistice / truce добиться прекращения огня, договориться о прекращении огня: The government failed in numerous attempts to achieve a ceasefire through negotiation. | The two sides have been unable to negotiate a truce.

to call / declare / establish a ceasefire / armistice / truce объявлять о прекращении огня: They should call a truce while negotiations are given a chance. | A two-week armistice has been declared between the rival factions. | In February a ceasefire was established after King Hassan met Polisario leaders for the first time.

to sign a ceasefire / armistice / truce подписать соглашение о прекращении огня: Both leaders signed the ceasefire agreement. | He also referred to a government proposal to sign a ceasefire on April 15. | Finally, the Bolsheviks signed an armistice with Germany.

to observe / honour a ceasefire / armistice / truce соблюдать соглашение о прекращении огня: The dynamite was split between Eta, then nominally observing a unilateral ceasefire, and the Bretons.

to implement a ceasefire / armistice / truce выполнять соглашение о прекращении огня: Significant progress was nevertheless achieved in May, when the factions agreed to begin implementing a temporary ceasefire.

to break / violate a ceasefire / armistice / truce нарушать соглашение о прекращении огня: So far no one has violated the three-day ceasefire.

a ceasefire / armistice / truce comes into effect / comes into force / takes effect соглашение о прекращении огня вступает в силу: The ceasefire came into effect throughout the country at midnight.

a ceasefire / armistice / truce holds соглашение о прекращении огня соблюдается: He believed the ceasefire would hold. | UN officials are expressing cautious optimism that the latest ceasefire is holding.

3. Bloodshed

1. bloodshed | bloodletting | the shedding of blood [uncountable] a situation in which people are killed or injured, especially in fighting or war кровопролитие, массовое убийство, резня, бойня: There was great bloodshed in Paris during the years after the Revolution in 1789. | A foreign country was accused of having instigated the bloodshed. | The army was brought in to try to prevent further bloodshed. | Troops are trying to stop the worst of the bloodletting in the capital. | The Pope called for a halt to the shedding of innocent blood.

2. to shed blood | to spill blood (literary) to kill or injure people, especially during a war or a fight проливать чью-л. кровь: Too much blood has already been shed in this conflict. | He is prepared to spill the blood of a million people. | If blood is spilled the countries will be at war.

3. to shed your blood | to sacrifice yourself / your life | to lay down / give your life (literary) to die for something you believe in strongly проливать свою кровь, жертвовать собой / своей жизнью, отдавать свою жизнь, приносить себя в жертву: Others promised to 'shed our blood and sacrifice our lives to oppose the invaders'. | A hundred thousand men sacrificed their lives on the Marne. | He considered it a privilege to lay down his life for his country. | He gave his life for the cause of freedom.

4. to injure [transitive] to hurt someone, for example in an accident or an attack повредить, поранить; ранить: A bomb exploded at the embassy, injuring several people. | Several policemen were injured in the clashes. | Army helicopters tried to evacuate the injured.

5. to wound [transitive] to injure someone with a knife, gun etc ранить: Gunmen killed two people and wounded six others in an attack today. | Two soldiers died and three others were wounded in the attack. | The bullet wounded him in the shoulder. | A bomb exploded in a hotel, killing six people and wounding another five. | Police managed to wound one of the hijackers.

to be wounded in the head / chest / arm / leg получить ранение в голову / грудь / руку / ногу: He was wounded in the head. | George himself was severely wounded in the leg.

to be lightly / slightly wounded получить легкое ранение

to be seriously / badly / severely / critically wounded получить тяжелое / серьезное ранение: Five people were killed and many others were seriously wounded in the attack. | The police chief was badly wounded in the explosion.

to be mortally / fatally wounded to be wounded so badly that you die получить смертельную рану: The great Stuart was mortally wounded. | Unfortunately, the young prince was fatally wounded while hunting in 1031. | The pistol went off and Martin was fatally wounded.

6. to mutilate | to maim [transitive] to wound or injure someone very seriously and often permanently калечить, увечить, изувечить, уродовать, причинить / нанести увечье: Many people were mutilated and maimed in the blast. | The prisoners were tortured and mutilated. | Landmines still kill or maim about 300 people every month. | The United Nations estimates that 800 people are killed by mines every month, and another 1, 200 are maimed.

7. to fall [intransitive] (literary) to be killed in a war гибнуть, погибать: 250 men fell to the enemy gunfire. | During the war, he saw many of his comrades fall in battle. | Many brave men fell in the fight to save the city.

8. to perish [intransitive] (formal or literary) to die, especially in a terrible or sudden way гибнуть, погибать; умирать: He is believed to have perished fairly early in the prolonged series of guerrilla activities he inaugurated against Rome.

9. to massacre | to slaughter [transitive] to kill a lot of people in a violent way, especially when they cannot defend themselves совершить массовое убийство, устраивать резню; убивать с особой жестокостью: Troops indiscriminately massacred the defenceless population. | The army massacred more than 150 unarmed civilians. | Thousands of people were slaughtered in the civil war / during the conflict.

10. to exterminate [transitive] to kill large numbers of people or animals of a particular type or in a particular place so that they no longer exist истреблять, уничтожать, ликвидировать: Entire peoples were exterminated in the concentration camps. | There was an attempt to exterminate ethnic groups in the north of the country. | The Khmer Rouge exterminated as many as two million Cambodians – a quarter of the population. | This uprising was ruthlessly suppressed and many Samaritans, including the leaders, were exterminated in the process.

11. to claim [transitive] if a war, accident, disease etc claims someone's life, they die as a result of it (used especially in news reports) уносить жизнь: The 12-year-old civil war claimed 1.5 million lives. | Its independence campaign has claimed nearly 800 lives since 1968. | The civil war claimed the life of a U.N. interpreter yesterday.

12. the wounded people who have been injured, especially in a war раненые: Helicopters have been sent in to rescue the wounded from the war zone. | Ambulances took the wounded to local hospital. | They were told to carry their wounded and leave their dead.

13. injury [countable; uncountable] physical damage to a person or part of their body caused by an accident or attack рана, ранение; травма, повреждение; ушиб

multiple injuries множественное повреждение

head / back / shoulder / ankle / knee / foot / leg injury: She was taken to hospital with serious head injuries.

to escape / avoid injury избежать повреждений: The two other passengers escaped serious injury.

14. wound [countable] an injury to one's body that is made by a weapon such as a knife or a bullet рана; ранение

head / chest / leg wound: There was blood pouring down his face from a head wound.

bullet / gunshot / knife wound (to the head / chest / arm / leg): He died of gunshot wounds.

self-inflicted wound ранение, нанесенное самому себе

to clean a wound промыть рану: A nurse cleaned and bandaged the wound.

to dress / bandage a wound перевязать / забинтовать рану