Program Development

Software designers create new programs by using special applications programs, often called utility programs or development programs. A programmer uses another type of program called a text editor to write the new program in a special notation called a programming language. With the text editor, the programmer creates a text file, which is an ordered list of instructions, also called the program source file. The individual instructions that make up the program source file are called source code. At this point, a special applications program translates the source code into machine language, or object code – a format that an operating system will recognize as a proper program and be able to execute. Three types of applications programs translate from source code into object code: compilers, interpreters and assemblers. The three operate differently and on different types of programming languages, but they serve the same purpose of translating from a programming language into machine language. A compiler translates text files written in a high-level programming language - such as FORTRAN, C or Pascal – from the source code into object code all at once. This differs from the approach taken by interpreted languages such as BASIC, ALP and LISP, in which a program is translated into object code statement by statement as each instruction is executed.

Exercise 3. Translate the following word combinations.

Program development, software designers, applications program, text editor, utility program, an ordered list of instructions, program source file, source code, an operating system, to be able to execute, to operate differently, to serve the same purpose, to translate statement by statement.

Exercise 4. Write English equivalents to the following words and word combinations.

- розробник програмного забезпечення	- разработчик программного обеспечения
- розробка програми	- разработка программы
- програма підтримки розробок	- программа поддержки разработок
- спеціальна прикладна програма	- специальная прикладная программа
- створити текстовий файл	- создать текстовый файл
- називатися вихідним файлом програми	- называться исходным файлом программы
- розпізнавати програму	- распознавать программу
- виконувати команду	- выполнять команду
- компілятор	- компилятор
- інтерпретатор	- интерпретатор
- асемблер	- ассемблер
- відрізнятися	- отличаться
- підхід	- подход
- інтерпретована мова	- интерпретированный язык
- текстовий редактор	- текстовый редактор

Exercise 5. Put questions to the underlined words.

1. Software designers create new programs by using special applications programs.

2. A programmer uses another type of program called a text editor to write the new program.

3. The individual instructions that make up the program source file are called source code.

4. Three types of applications programs translate from source code into object code: compilers, interpreters and assemblers.

Exercise 6. Rewrite the sentences in Reported Speech.

1. The teacher said: “Do not use capital letters inappropriately.” 2. He said to me: “Check the manual, please.” 3. The teacher asked us: “Are you ready to surf the net?” 4. The girl asked the administrator: “How can I visit a web site?” 5. The man said: “You can send e-mail fast and cheaply.” 6. Helen said to Pete: “Did you play computer games yesterday?”

Exercise 7. A. Paraphrase the sentences using the Objective Infinitive Complex.

Model: I saw him. He entered the house. – I saw him enter the house.

1. I heard him. He shut the door of the study. 2. He slipped and fell. I saw it. 3. I saw that he opened the door and left the room. 4. I expect that he will understand your problem and help to solve it. 5. I know that my friend is a football fan. 6. Nobody noticed her as she went away.

B. Paraphrase the sentences using the Subjective Infinitive Complex.

Model: It was announced that the Russian dancers would arrive next week. – The Russian dancers were announced to arrive next week.

1. It is said that the book is popular with both old and young. 2. Scientists consider that the electricity exists throughout space. 3. We expect that the weather would be fine in April. 4. It seems that the operation will be very difficult.

Exercise 8. Answer the following questions.

1. What programs do software designers use to create new programs?

2. What is a text editor used for?

3. What is a text file?

4. What is an object code?

5. What are the three types of applications programs?

6. How do applications programs operate?

Варіант 5

Exercise 1. Read the following words and word combinations. Memorize them:

computer program	комп’ютерна програма	компьютерная программа
a series of instructions	послідовність команд	последовательность команд
interpret	перекладати, інтерпретувати	переводить, интерпретировать
execute	виконувати	выполнять
distinguish	відрізняти	отличать
hardware	апаратне забезпечення	аппаратное обеспечение
physical equipment	фізичне обладнання	физическое оборудование
data processing	обробка даних	обработка данных
perform arithmetic and logical operations	виконувати арифметичні і логічні операції	выполнять арифметические и логические операции
comparison	порівняння	сравнение
input or output data	вводити і виводити дані	вводить и выводить данные
desired sequence	необхідна послідовність	необходимая последовательность
conventional computing	звичайне обчислення	обычное вычисление
execute sequentially	виконувати послідовно	выполнять последовательно
parallel processing	паралельна обробка даних	параллельная обработка данных
multiple processors	численні процесори	многочисленные процессоры
concurrently	одночасно	одновременно
share the results	розподіляти результати	распределять результаты
subroutine	підпрограма	подпрограмма
systems program	системна програма	системная программа
chief	головний, основний	главный, основной
operating system	операційна система	операционная система
supervisor	керуюча програма	управляющая программа
schedule	планувати, розподіляти	планировать, распределять
execution	виконання	выполнение
allocate	розміщувати, розподіляти	размещать, распределять
processing program	програма обробки даних	программа обработки данных
language translator	мовний транслятор	языковой транслятор
decode	розшифровувати, декодувати	расшифровывать, декодировать
source program	вихідна програма	исходная программа
object program	об’єктна програма	объектная программа
assembler	асемблер	ассемблер
compiler	компілятор	компилятор
utility program	службова програма	служебная программа
external storage	зовнішня пам’ять	внешняя память
application program payroll processing	прикладна программа обробка платіжної відомості	прикладная программа обработка платежной ведомости

Exercise 2. Read and translate the text in writing.