What Is a High -Level Language?

A high-level language is a problem-oriented programming language, whereas a low level language is machine-oriented. In other words, a high level language is a convenient and simple means of describing the information structures and sequences of actions required to perform a particular task.

A high-level language is independent of the architecture of the computer which supports it. This has two major advantages. Firstly, the person writing the programs does not have to know anything about the computer on which the program will be run. Secondly, programs are portable, that is, the same program can (in theory) be run on different types of computer. However, this feature of machine independence is not always achieved in practice.

In most cases, programs in high-level languages are shorter than relevant programs in low-level languages. However, conciseness can be carried too far, to the point where programs become impossible to understand. Some important features of a high-level language are its ability to reflect clearly the structure of programs written in it, and its readability.

Exercise 3. Translate the following word combinations.

A problem-oriented programming language, convenient means of describing, sequences of actions, to perform a particular task, major advantages, to be achieved in practice, equivalent programs, impossible to understand, ability to reflect, the structure of programs.

Exercise 4. Write English equivalents to the following words and word combinations:

- виконувати певне завдання	- выполнять определенную задачу зада зззззззззззззззадачу
- бути незалежним від архітектури комп’ютера	- быть независимым от архитектуры компьютера
- запускатися (працювати) на різних типах комп’ютерів	- запускаться (работать) на разных типах компьютеров
- властивість бути незалежним від комп’ютера	- свойство быть независимым от компьютера
- у більшості випадків	- в большинстве случаев
- деякі важливі риси	- некоторые важные черты
- чітко відображати структуру	- четко отображать структуру
- програми є портативними	- программы являются портативными
- комп’ютер, що її підтримує	- компьютер, который ее поддерживает
- залежний від комп’ютера	- зависимый от компьютера

Exercise 5. Put questions to the underlined words.

1. A high level language is a problem-oriented programming language.

2. The same program can be run on different types of computers.

3. This feature of machine independence is not always achieved in practice.

4. Some important features of a high-level language are its ability to reflect clearly the structure of programs, and its readability.

Exercise 6. Rewrite the sentences in Reported Speech.

1. He warned the child: “Don’t cross the street”. 2. He begged me: “Please send the money immediately”. 3. She asked him: “Do you like my new hat?” 4. He asked me: “How are you today?” 5. John said: “I have to work tonight”. 6. She asked: “Did you see that movie?”

Exercise 7. A. Paraphrase the sentences using the Objective Infinitive Complex.

Model: He took your umbrella. I saw it. – I saw him take your umbrella.

1. I saw them. They arrived in the morning. 2. She saw him. He locked the door and went out. 3. The telephone rang. I heard it. 4. We expect that you will help us. 5. We don’t eat ice-cream before dinner because our mother has forbidden it. 6. She watched me. I opened the safe.

B. Paraphrase the sentences using the Subjective Infinitive Complex.

Model: It is expected that they will win. – They are expected to win.

1. It is believed that she will become a very famous writer. 2. It is said that they have achieved great success. 3. We expect that you will debug this program. 4. It seems that they have known each other for a long time.

Exercise 8. Answer the questions to the text in writing.

1. What is a high-level language?

2. What is a high-level language independent of?

3. What are two major advantages of a high-level language?

4. Are programs in high-level languages shorter than relevant programs in low-level languages?

5. What are some important features of a high-level language?

Варіант 9

Exercise 1. Read the following words and word combinations. Memorize them:

broadly	широко	широко
classify	класифікувати	классифицировать
general-purpose	універсальний	универсальный
special-purpose	спеціалізований	специализированный
to be intended	бути призначеним	быть предназначенным
equally	однаково	в равной степени
suit	підходити	подходить
common	загальний	общий
because of	через	из-за
capability	здатність	способность
relatively	відносно	относительно
commercial	комерційний	коммерческий
reign supreme	перевершувати	иметь превосходство
widely	широко	широко
gain	отримувати	получать
popularity	популярність	популярность
way of	спосіб	способ
procedural	процедурний	процедурный
declarative	декларативний	декларативный
state	зазначати, визначати	отмечать, определять
perform	виконувати	выполнять
break into	розбивати на	разбивать на
specify	чітко визначати	точно определять
relationship	взаємовідношення	взаимоотношения
relevant to	по відношенню до	по отношению к
objective	ціль, мета	цель
сarry out	виконувати	выполнять
explicitly	точно	точно
determine	визначати	определять

Exercise 2. Read and translate the text in writing.