Appendix 2.
Test 1.
Task 1. Read the whole text Choose the best statements below to fill each of the gap. Do not use any statements more than once. There is one extra statement. There is an example at the beginning (0)
(1) International trade takes place because of differences in costs of production between countries, and because it increases the economic welfare of each country by widening the range of goods and services available for consumption. (0) Differences in costs of production exist because countries are differently endowed with the resources required. Countries differ as to the type of and quantity of raw materials within their borders, their climate, the skill and size of the labour force, and their stock of physical capital. Countries will tend to export those commodities which production requires relatively more than other commodities of those resources which it has most.
There is a presumption that international trade should be free from restrictions. (1) ... Governments intervene in international trade for economic and non-economic reasons. Such intervention is called protection. Some barriers to trade which hinder imports are tariffs and quotas. Taxes levied by the government on imports of particular goods are known as tariffs or import duties. (2) ... Tariffs bring revenue to the government and give protection to domestic producers when raising the prices of imported goods relative to the prices of competing domestic products. Limiting the quantity of goods that are allowed into the country over a period of time is done through import quotas, which provide an upper limit to permitted imports over the given period.
There exist economic and non-economic arguments for protection. Among the non-economic arguments one might be to preserve a peasant farming community, even if it were inefficient. This could justify restrictions on the import of farm products which were obtainable more cheaply from other countries. (3) ... It has been argued, for instance, that Britain needs an experienced merchant navy in case of war. (4) ...
For the UK, trade now accounts for over a quarter of national output. Economists have long recognized that the principles governing the gains from international trade are the same as those governing trade within a single country. (5) ...
A second example might be protection on grounds of national defense.
Although identical principles apply to international, interregional, and interpersonal trade, there are characteristics which distinguish the first from the other two.
However many trade restrictions still remain.
This industry should, therefore, be shielded from competition by more efficient foreign vessels, even in peace-time.
A major source of economic growth and rising living standards throughout the world derives from specialization and division of labour.
A tariff may be either "specific", i.e. so much money per unit of the goods imported, or it may be calculated as a percentage of the price of the product.
Differences in costs of production exist because countries are differently endowed with the resources required.
Task 2. Match the word with its definition: find the word in the marked paragraph of the text.
1. A market in which securities are bought and sold (p.1)
2. The purchase of materials, machines, property in order to produce income or profits (p.3)
3. A record of financial expenditure and receipts. (p.4)
4. The double price given in the official list, indicates the range of buying and selling prices (p.1)
5. A certificate issued by a government or a public company promising to repay borrowed money at a fixed rate of interest at a specified time. (p.2)
Task 3. Choose the best word to fill each gap.
A government spokesman announced that the fund would be (1) in the next few days, and would help Honduran companies to (2) specific brands.
The Honduran economy was once completely (3) to foreign investments, but it opened up to foreign companies five or so years ago under sweeping reforms (4) by the new government. The moves have so far (5) more than € 20 billion worth of foreign investment.
1. launched; fired; pronounced; engaged.
2. invent; promote; support; develop.
3. close; shut; denied; refused.
4. provided; presented; introduced; discovered.
5. claimed; caught; persuaded; attracted.
Task 4. Fill in the gap with the appropriate word.
Middlemen, channel of distribution, final users, points of sale, market research, needs, creative director, launch, “S.W.O.T.”, advertising.
1. A product reaches customers through a … .
2. There are many possible ways to satisfy the … of target customers.
3. Often the system is more complex – involving different kinds of … and specialists.
4. The main form of mass selling is … .
5. Product advertising is aimed at … .
6. A firm should be aware of its … it faces in the market place.
7. A … is a person in charge of developing ideas for advertising campaigns.
8. To introduce a new product onto the market means to … it.
9. Collecting, analyzing and reporting data relevant to a specific marketing situation is called…10. … are the places where goods are sold to the public.
Task 5. Open the brackets and put the verb in the correct form; put questions to the words in italics and write your questions down.
1. Last year the company (to employ) two hundred people but this year it (to hire) only fifty new workers.
2. Lots of things (to happen) since we last advertised this brand, and our new CEO (to work) for five months already since that time.
3. Tomorrow our firm (to celebrate) its anniversary in the head office. (Where?)
4. The copywriter presented the slogan that he (to write) 3 days before.
5. New application programs (to develop) usually by our department. (Whom?)
6. This version of a business plan (to discuss) already at today’s annual meeting of shareholders.
7. Pricing policy (to discuss) by the managers last Monday. (When?)
8. Yesterday the director (to announce) at the meeting that new marketing policy (to lead) to the increase in profits in 2011.
9. When our marketing department (to organize) a proper advertising campaign, the sales (to be) substantial.
10. If our previous top manager (to lead) the negotiations, our company (to win) new market.
Task 6. Write a letter of complaint.
Patrick Kelly, Managing Director of “Irish Publishers” (56, Green Street, Dublin, Ireland) spent 5 days in the hotel “The George Inn” (23, Southwark Street, Brighton, England). He sends this letter to the administration of the hotel to complain about the service.
Keys.
Task 1.
1. However many trade restrictions still remain.
2. A tariff may be either "specific", i.e. so much money per unit of the goods imported, or it may be calculated as a percentage of the price of the product.
3. A second example might be protection on grounds of national defense.
4. This industry should, therefore, be shielded from competition by more efficient foreign vessels, even in peace-time.
5. Although identical principles apply to international, interregional, and interpersonal trade, there are characteristics which distinguish the first from the other two.
Task 2. 1.stock exchange 2. investment 3. account4. quotation 5. bond
Task3. 1. launched 2. promote 3. close 4. introduced 5. attracted
Task 4. 1.channel of distribution 2. needs 3. middlemen 4. advertising 5. final users 6. SWOT 7. creative director 8. Launch 9. market research 10. points of sale
Task 5. 1. employed; has hired 2. have happened; has been working 3. is celebrating 4. had written 5. are developed 6. has been discussed 7. was discussed 8. announced; would lead 9. organizes; will be10. led; would win
Test 2.
Task 1. Read the whole text and choose the best statements below to fill in the gaps. Do not use any statement more than once. There is one extra statement. There is an example at the beginning (0)
1) Some products are marketed most effectively by direct sale from a manufacturer to a consumer. (0) … The direct marketing of products is very important. Formerly, common “door to door products”, are now usually sold by a more sophisticated “house party” technique.
2) Direct marketing by mail has been expanded to virtually all types of products and services. (1) …. For retailers, the use of catalogues makes it possible to do business considerably beyond their usual trading area and with a minimum of overhead. Also important are credit cards, which have made it relatively easy to purchase by mail or telephone even such high-priced items as appliances, electronic equipment, and cameras. (2) ….
3) Television is a potent tool in direct marketing because it facilitates the demonstration of products in use. (3) …. Also carving its own niche is telephone marketing, called telemarketing, a technique used in selling to businesses as well as to consumers. Most consumer products, however, move from the manufacturer through agents to wholesalers and then to retailers, ultimately reaching the consumer.
4) (4) …. Some retail businesses have grown so large that they have found it more profitable to bypass the wholesaler and deal directly with the manufacturers or their agents.
5) Retailing has undergone even more change. Supermarkets and discount stores have become commonplace not only for groceries but for products as diversified as medicines and gardening equipment. (5) …. Special types of retailing, for example, vending machines and convenience stores, have also developed to fill multiple needs.
6) Services, unlike products, are intangible commodities. A service is the provision of work, accommodations, or ministrations desired by a consumer. Consumers pay for a service as they would for a product. Already more people are employed in the provision of services than in the manufacture of products, and this area shows every indication of expanding even further.
Wholesalers distribute goods in large quantities, usually to retailers, for resale.
Consumers pay for a service as they would pay for a product.
Working people find it easy to shop in their leisure hours by catalogues.
Direct sale of all kinds of goods to the public via home-shopping clubs broadcasting on cable television channels is gaining in popularity.
The direct marketing of products is very important
Chain stores and cooperative groups have also proliferated.
At least half the nation’s 50 leading corporations have mail-order divisions.
Task 2. Match the word with its definition.
1. someone who buys and uses products and services (p.1).
2. to buy something (p. 2).
3. a person or company who sells goods in large quantities at low prices to other businesses (p. 3).
4. the business of selling goods to customers in shops (p. 5).
5. a product that is bought and sold (p. 6).
Task 3. Choose the best word to fill each gap.
But also certain Honduran (1)…, such as clothing and textiles, bananas and coffee, do quite well, no single Honduran brand has yet (2)… the top rank. The fund is a serious (3)… to change this. The government (4)…, however, that brands selected for promotion abroad should be of international quality and (5)… of making a real impact in the global market.
1. products types makes names
2. brought reached obtained performed
3. trail attempt concern business
4. defines reserves presumes insists
5. confident worthy capable aware
Task 4. Fill in the gap with the appropriate word.
trade unions, business strategy, changing needs, functional, price, responsibility, sectors, rapid changes, purpose, personal selling
1. As the company grows and changes, the board of directors will need to evolve to meet ...
2. The Managing Director formulates programs to attain objectives and establishes a structure of delegated ….
3. Any personnel manager should maintain good relations with ….
4. A company’s board of directors helps management develop a ….
5. The matrix organization example supports … and multiple career opportunities.
6. In a product/project organization, innovation is limited to narrow ….
7. The main advantage of a … organization is that specialists do not have coordination of responsibilities.
8. Every structure is intended for a specific … and not all structures are suitable for all organizations.
9. In setting a …, everyone must consider the kind of competition in the target market.
10. Advertising objectives should be more specific than …objectives.
Task 5. Open the brackets and put the verb in the correct form; put questions to the words in italics and write your questions down.
1. The firm … (to supply) hydraulic turbines to European countries 10 years ago, but since 2006 it … already (to collaborate) with Asian countries.
2. They … (to talk) about this for a month and they still … (not / to find) a solution how to launch a new business (How long…?).
3. The delegation … (to come) to Kiev next week. And Mr. Sheraton … (to meet) them and take to our design organization.
4. I … (to check) with the supplier yesterday and they still … (not / to receive) the contract.
5. In the interlinked global economy, today consumers … (to give) the opportunity to buy the best products at the best prices (Who…?).
6. Recently this chapter … (to write) from the standpoint of the small buyers and sellers of stocks.
7. Many new social welfare programs … (to create) during the administration of Kennedy’s successor, President Lindon B. Johnson (When…?).
8. In order to avoid counterfeiting, these banknotes … (to print) on special paper.
9. If we decide to buy your equipment he … (to visit) your company to discuss the main principles of the contract in detail.
10. If we … (to want) to change the design we would turn to, say, Central Installation Company.
Task 6. Write a letter of complaint (80-90 words).
You work as a sales manager at “Collins” shop (39 Pushkin Street, Kharkiv, Ukraine), which sells clothes. Write a letter of complaint to your main supplier “Exclusive & Co. Ltd” (21 Linsey Street, Wales, 1732, UK), because yesterday you received a shipment of jackets and the boxes which they were packed in were badly damaged.
Keys.
Task 1
1.Working people find. 2. At least half the nation’s. 3. Direct sale of all kinds. 4. Wholesalers distribute goods. 5. Chain stores and cooperative.
Task 2
1. consumer. 2. purchase. 3. wholesaler. 4. retailing. 5. commodities.
Task 3
1. products. 2. reached. 3. attempt. 4. insists. 5. capable
Task 4
1. changing needs. 2. responsibility. 3. trade unions. 4. business strategy. 5. rapid changes. 6. sectors. 7. functional. 8. purpose. 9. price. 10. personal selling.
Task 5
1. supplied / has already collaborated. 2. have been talking /have not found. 2. How long have they been talking about? 3. is coming /will meet. 4. checked /had not received. 5. are given? 5. Who is given the opportunity to buy the best products at the best prices today in the interlinked global economy? 6. has been written. 7. were being created? 7. When were many new social welfare programs being created? 8. are printed. 9. will visit. 10. wanted
Test 3.
Task 1. Read the whole text and choose the best statements below to fill in the gaps. Do not use any statements more than once. There is one extra statement. There is an example at the beginning (0)
(1) Many organizations have a hierarchical or pyramidal structure, with one person or a group of people at the top, and an increasing number of people below at each successive level. (0) There is a clear line or chain of command running down the pyramid. All the people in the organization know who is their supervisor or boss (to whom they report). (1) …
(2) Individuals may offer specialist advice to others on certain technical matters. The person concerned may be an “assistant to” a manager appointed to assist with the workload of a superior. (2) … Alternatively, an individual may be appointed to offer specialist information on computing or industrial relations to managers in the line structure, but without the authority to insist that such advice is taken.
(3) Yet the activities of most companies are too complicated to be organized in a single hierarchy. Shortly before the First World War, the French industrialist Henry Fayol organized his coal-mining business according to the functions to be carried out. Functional organization has become the most common form for manufacturing companies. (3) … The company is divided up into departments, called functions, including production, finance, marketing, sales, and personnel or staff department. A senior manager (usually a director) is responsible for both the internal oversight of the function and ensuring its adequate coordination with the other functions in a business.
(4) Functional organization is efficient, but there are two standard criticisms. Firstly, people are usually more concerned with the success of their department than the whole company. (4) …
(5) Divisional structure or, as it is sometimes called, the multidivisional company is associated with market expansion and product diversification. In both cases traditional functional structures showed themselves to be inadequate in coordinating and controlling the firm’s activities. Divisionalization was a particularly American development and associated with “pioneer” companies like General Motors and DuPont. (5) …
- In reality a firm may display a mixture of structures.
- Under such an organization structure each division is self-contained and operates as a profit centre.
- They also know their immediate subordinates (to whom they can give instructions).
- He has no authority of his own, but acts in the name of his superior and on his authority.
- It enables optimal control and accountability.
- Secondly, separating functions is unlikely to encourage innovation.
- There is a clear line or chain of command running down the pyramid.
Task 2. Match the word with its definition: find the word in the marked paragraph of the text.
1. Person who supervises (p. 1)
2. Power; ruling committee or group (p. 2)
3. Arrangement in a system of ranks/grades (p. 3)
4. Able to work well/to produce the required result (p. 4)
5. Act of diversifying (p. 5)
Task 3. Choose the best word to fill each gap.
Japan's invasion of western markets has received widespread (1) … in recent years. Their activities have been viewed internationally with a mixture of admiration, envy, and fear. In most Japanese companies, a policy of lifetime (2) … is practiced. It means that when people leave school or university to join an (3) …, they can expect to remain with an organization until they (4) …. The employee gets job security for life, and can only be (5) … for serious misconduct.
1. advertising; promotion; publicity; Public Relations.
2. employment; occupation; engagement; management.
3. affair; enterprise; idea; action.
4. go away; escape; retire; leave.
5. put away; removed; left; fired.
Task 4. Fill in the gap with the appropriate word.
Research, capital, retailers, employers, production, exchanges, services, market, trade, costs
1. Competition for jobs tends to provide … with better qualified employees.
2. He has quickly calculated both fixed and variable ….
3. The … and development team can calculate a shelf price for the product.
4. The sales representatives sell the new product to ….
5. With …, each region can concentrate its efforts on what it does relatively well.
6. Differences in costs of … exist because countries are differently endowed with the resources required.
7. In a competitive … economy, efficiency is the price of survival.
8. Fixed … may be regarded as finished goods.
9. International trade refers to … of goods and services that take place across national boundaries.
10. Sale is exchange of products or … for money.
Task 5. Open the brackets and put the verb in the correct form; put questions to the words in italics and write your questions down.
1. They (to inform) the recruitment committee about their decision since they (to receive) my fax two days ago. (Whose ?)
2. Mr. Smith just (to become) a member of the Board of Directors. He (to work) for the company for 12 years. (How long ?)
3. Our famous retail store (to offer) these attractive discounts next month.
4. The customers (to order) new equipment in 2009 after they (to get) information about our firm from our advertisements. (When ?)
5. The car parts usually (to assemble) at the plant.
6. The agreement (not / to sign) by our chief executive yet.
7. The previous timetable (to draw) by the managers of our department.
8. Two days ago our top managers (to inform) the employees that they (to get) generous bonuses in the nearest future.
9. If you (to carry out) market research, you (to get) information about your potential buyers’ tastes.
10. If the accountants (to prepare) the annual report in time, we (not / to have) problems then.
Task 6. Write a letter of complaint (80 - 90 words).
Michael Devis works at ABC Ltd. (15 Maple Street, Vermont, USA) as a Purchase Manager. He is writing a letter to William Norman from Win Mouk Co. (32 Berr Street, London, England) to complain about the damaged equipment they received. He is asking the suppliers to repair or replace the equipment.
Keys.
Task 1. 1. They also know. 2. He has no authority. 3. It enables optimal control. 4. Secondly, separating. 5. Under such an organization.
Task 2. 1. supervisor. 2. authority. 3. hierarchy. 4. efficient. 5. diversification.
Task 3. 1. publicity. 2. employment. 3. enterprise. 4. retire. 5. fired.
Task 4. 1. employers. 2. costs. 3. research. 4. retailers. 5. trade. 6. production. 7. market. 8. capital. 9. exchanges. 10. services.
Task 5. 1. have informed; received. Whose fax did they receive two days ago? 2. has become; has been working. How long has he been working for the company? 3. will offer. 4. ordered; had got. When did the customers order new equipment? 5. are assembled. 6. has not been signed. 7. was drawn. 8. informed; would get. 9. carry out; will get. 10. had prepared; would not have had.
Test 4.
Task 1. Read the whole text and choose the best statements below to fill in the gaps. Do not use any statements more than once. There is one extra statement. There is an example at the beginning (0)
(1) There are several definitions of management. According to one of them, management is a process of planning, organizing, leading and controlling the work of organization members and using all available resources to reach the stated goals. (0) The management is composed of a team of managers who have charge of the organization at all levels. Their duties make sure that the company objectives are met and the business operates efficiently. (1) …
(2) Planning involves determining overall company objectives and deciding how these goals can best be achieved. Managers evaluate alternative plans and precise tactics before choosing a specific course of action and then check to see that the chosen plan fits into the objectives established at higher organization levels.
(3) Organizing, the second management function is the process of putting the plan into action. This involves allocating resources, especially human resources, so that the overall objectives can be attained. At this stage, managers divide the work into manageable activities and decide on the positions to be created and determine the associated duties and responsibilities. (2) …
(4) Third is the day-to-day direction and supervision of employees. In directing, managers guide, teach and motivate workers so that they reach their potential abilities and at the same time achieve the company goals that were established in the planning process. (3) …
(5) The last management function is controlling. (4) … They measure performance of their staff, to see whether the objectives set for the organization as a whole and for each individual member of it are being achieved. In order to complete this evaluation, managers must look at the objectives established at the planning stage and at how well the tasks assigned in the directing phase are being completed. If major problems exist and goals are not being achieved, then changes need to be made in the company’s organizational, or managerial, structure. (5) …
- The management is composed of a team of managers who have charge of the organization at all levels.
- Effective direction, or supervision, by managers requires ongoing communication with employees.
- Four major principles or functions of management are: planning, organizing, directing, controlling.
- The belief that managers are made, not born, was a reversal of earlier thinking.
- Staffing, choosing the right person for the right job, may also be included as part of the organizing function.
- In making changes, managers might have to go back and replan, reorganize, and redirect.
- At this stage managers evaluate how well company objectives are being met.
Task 2. Match the word with its definition: find the word in the marked paragraph of the text.
1. Directing of work; group of people who direct workers (p.1)
2. Source of supply for what is needed/used (p.3)
3. To make someone do something; to encourage someone to do something (p.4)
4. People working in a school, college, firm (p.5)
5. To find out the length/quantity of something (p.5)
Task 3. Choose the best word to fill each gap.
The top (1) … people are the ones who know the product they are selling inside and out. They know the strong and weak points of the product and can tell others about it. Looking for a (2) … means selling yourself. You are the (3) …. The more facts you know about yourself, the better job you will be able to get. Your prosperous (4) … would be interested to know about your education, qualifications, skills, interests, and previous job (5) ….
1. trade; sales; commercial; purchase.
2. labour; job; duty; responsibility.
3. product; goods; merchandise; item.
4. supervisors; coaches; trainers; employers.
5. experience; information; data; preferences.
Task 4. Fill in the gap with the appropriate word.
Free enterprise, profit, effective, growth, labour, insurance, advertising, partnerships, competition, salary
1. Competition is a necessary condition of the … market mechanism.
2. The company provides free medical … to all employees.
3. Imperfect … is represented by monopolies and oligopolies.
4. An attractive … will be offered to the person appointed.
5. The preservation of a system of … is essential to economic freedom.
6. Economic … means that the economy’s capacity to produce goods and services is increasing.
7. Specialization and division of … result in increased efficiency in production process.
8. The essence of … is persuasion.
9. Unlike sole proprietors, … can grow to be relatively large organizations.
10. A major goal in functioning of a business is making ….
Task 5. Open the brackets and put the verb in the correct form; put questions to the words in italics and write your questions down.
1. I (to be) a member of the marketing staff since I (to join) the company two years ago. (When ?)
2. Mr. Brown just (to receive) his dividends. Our shareholders (to receive) huge dividends for years.
3. Our department (to know) the results of the market research next week. (What ?)
4. My subordinates already (to prepare) the annual report before I (to arrive).
5. The cheesecake and mousse desserts now (to produce) in so called “French Style”. (How ?)
6. His letter (to forward) to Head Office recently.
7. Mr. Malpas (to headhunt) from BP to take on the chairman’s job two days ago.
8. Yesterday Seagram (to report) that production of poison pills (to be) always among the primary concerns of the shareholders.
9. People (to work) harder if you (to pay) them more.
10. If we (not / to produce) oversees in the past, we (not / have) the pirate copies flooding the market.
Task 6. Write a letter of invitation (80 - 90 words).
R. Hendrics works at Brown & Smith Ltd. (1304 Sherman ave., Madison, Wisconsin) as a Marketing Manager. He is writing a letter to invite his partners from Richardson & Smallet Ltd. (4 Boswell Way, Nagstead, Kent) to the official opening of the exhibition. He is also asking the partners to confirm their participation.
Keys.
Task 1. 1. Four major principles. 2. Staffing, choosing. 3. Effective direction. 4. At this stage. 5. In making changes.
Task 2. 1. management. 2. resource. 3. to motivate. 4. staff. 5. to measure.
Task 3. 1. sales. 2. job. 3. product. 4. employers. 5. experience.
Task 4. 1. effective. 2. insurance. 3. competition. 4. salary. 5. free enterprise. 6. growth. 7. labour. 8. advertising. 9. partnerships. 10. profit.
Task 5. 1. have been; joined. When did I join the company? 2. has received; have been receiving. 3. will know. What will our department know next week? 4. had prepared; arrived. 5. are produced. How are the cheesecake and mousse desserts produced now? 6. has been forwarded. 7. was headhunted. 8. reported; was. 9. will work; pay. 10. had not produced; would not have had.
Test 5.
Task 1. Read the whole text and choose the best statements below to fill in the gaps. Do not use any statement more than once. There is one extra statement. There is an example at the beginning (0).
(1) Developments such as the Internet and satellite television have created new medium and audiences. …0… And now through them and to them the news and media organisations can disseminate their information.
(2) Given the situation thirty years ago the developments that we have seen have enabled the news and media organisations access to more people, they have a wider audience. …1….News reports can be received which highlight many different sides of an international conflict for example than was possible before. The relative cheapness of being able to publish information on the Internet, for example, means that virtually anyone can publish information accessible anywhere in the world.
(3) As information technology has developed over the last thirty years, educational establishments have been influenced in various ways. …2…These courses are introduced to try to satisfy the demand that society has for qualified people to develop these information technologies.
(4) The developments that have occurred in information technology have also had other influences on educational establishments. As was discussed earlier about news and media organisations, educational organisations also have a goal to distribute information from a source (lecturer, books, on-line resources etc.) to the student. …3…
(5) The distribution of information is not the only concern of educational establishments. …4… This “creation” is done by research. Information technologies have enabled researchers to access a wider source of information than previously available through such technologies as the Internet (the original ArpaNet being set up primarily to assist research)…5…
- And now through them and to them the news and media organisations can disseminate their information.
- The Internet and other related technologies such as electronic mail, also enable collaborative projects to be undertaken between geographically distant groups.
- For example, one of the aims of Universities is to create information.
- The advances in information technology have heavily influenced commercial businesses in several ways.
- The most obvious example has been the introduction of information technology related courses.
- The audience, however, now has a wider, global choice.
- The processes by which educational establishments distribute information have become increasingly diverse, and the effectiveness of the process has also improved.
Task 2. Match the word with its definition: find the word in the marked paragraph of the text.
1. A global system of interconnected computer networks to serve billions of users worldwide. (p.1)
2. Storage and/or transmission tools used to store and deliver information or data. (p.1, 2)
3. The acquisition, processing, storage and dissemination of vocal, pictorial, textual and numerical information by a microelectronics-based combination of computing and telecommunications (p.3)
4. The ability to permit or deny the use of a particular resource (p.2)
5. The search for new and improved products and processes. (p.5)
Task 3. Choose the best word to fill each gap.
The main objective of firms in the private sector is to gain a larger share of the market. This can be achieved through an increase in sales. This in (1)…will enable the business to grow, for example, through buying up another company. The (2)…company will then have a greater (3) …entering different markets. The public sector has different (4)…, the principal one being to (5)…essential services, such as health and education.
1. cycle; turn; circle; roll
2. larger; greater; fatter; heavier
3. try; aim; luck; chance
4. matters; concerns; alarms; affairs
5. give; provide; put; find
Task 4. Fill in the gap with the appropriate word.
Employment, percentage, workforce, occupation, unemployment rate, categories, scarcity, laid-off workers, innovation, economists
1 Economists distinguish several … of unemployment.
2. Qualified … is always wanted.
3. The quantity of unemployment often increases at the expense of … 4. Full … can be interpreted in different ways.
5. Economical crisis is always accompanied by increase of … … .
6. Franchisee has to pay … of the price of goods.
7. Regardless of the time in history or the geographic location, every society has had to and will continue to deal with the fundamental problem of ….
8. Markets reward…, productivity, and efficiency but discourage complacency, idleness, and waste.
9. … of all countries make maximum efforts to find the way out of world economical crisis.
10. Young people try to find profitable and reliable … .
Task 5. Open the brackets and put the verb in the correct form; put questions to the words in italics and write your questions down.
1. As our managers already (to inform) us, two years ago this supermarket (to have) more customers than now.
2. As our general manager just (to say), the economists (to work out) new approaches for overcoming recession for already one year.
3. Now we (to prepare) all necessary documents which (to permit) us to receive new software for keeping accounts.
4. We know that the bank management (to study) already our business plan which our experts (to check) before we submitted it to the bank.
5. The supermarket (to give) you a discount in a few minutes. (What?) You are our jubilee customer.
6. Nearly all goods at this shop (to be sold) already (Where?)
7. At last we opened an account at this bank after the manager (to study) our documents for nearly two months.
8. The Board of Directors discussed contingency planning policy, the draft of which (to prepare) by our department.
9. If you ask for a credit, banks (to give) it very unwillingly due to crisis
10. If employment agency worked properly, all its clients (to get) job in the nearest time. (Who?)
Task 6. Write a letter of invitation (80 - 90 words).
Mr. John Doe, a manager from Brown Publishing Company Ltd. (94 Fetter Lane, London EC4A 1BB, England), is inviting his partners from HBF Ltd. (733 – 10th Street, San Francisco, Ca. 94121, USA) to visit an exhibition in London. He is also enclosing several tickets for the exhibition and asking to confirm their participation.
Keys.
Task 1. 1. The audience. 2. The most obvious example. 3. The processes by which educational establishments. 4. For example, one. 5. The Internet and other.
Task 2. 1. Internet. 2. media. 3. information technology. 4. access. 5. research
Task 3. 1. turn. 2. larger. 3. chance. 4. concerns. 5. provide
Task 4. 1. categories. 2. workforce. 3. laid-off workers. 4. employment. 5. unemployment rate. 6. percentage. 7. scarcity. 8. innovation. 9. economists. 10. occupation
Task 5. 1. have already informed - had 2. has just said - have been working out 3. are preparing – will permit 4. has studied – had checked 5. will give. What will the supermarket give you in a few minutes? 6. have been sold. Where have nearly all goods been sold? 7. had been studying. 8. had been prepared. 9. will give. 10. would get. Who would get job in the nearest time if employment agency worked properly?
Структура іспиту з навчальної дисципліни
«Іноземна мова за професійним спрямуванням»
і критерії оцінювання екзаменаційної роботи
Екзаменаційна робота складається з 6 завдань, з них 1 завдання є за змістом репродуктивним видом навчальної діяльності, 4 завдання відповідають рівню евристичної продуктивної діяльності, 6-те завдання має творчий характер. Оцінювання здійснюється за 12-бальною системою.
Завдання екзаменаційної роботи
1. Прочитайте текст загальноекономічного змісту обсягом 2000 печатних знаків, заповніть прогалини реченнями, що подані нижче (5 речень).
Максимальна оцінка – 2 бали, 1 речення – 0,4 балу.
2. На основі прочитаного тексту знайдіть відповідність економічного терміну наданим дефініціям (5 термінів і дефініцій).
Максимальна оцінка 1 бал, 1 речення – 0,2 балу.
3. Виберіть з наведених варіантів слово або вираз, що найкраще відповідає змісту речення (5 речень).
Максимальна оцінка – 2 бали, 1 речення – 0,4 балу.
4. Доповніть речення одним з наведених вище економічних термінів (10 речень).
Максимальна оцінка – 2 бали, 1 речення – 0,2 балу.
5. Поставте дієслово у правильній видо-часовій формі, сформулюйте запитання до виділеного курсивом слова (7 речень та 3 питання).
Максимальна оцінка – 2 бали, 1 речення – 0,2 балу.
6. Напишіть діловий лист за зазначеною в завданні темою.
Максимальна оцінка – 3 бали – ставиться за складений у правильному форматі діловий лист без лексико-граматичних помилок і згідно зі стилістичними нормами ділових документів.
Бали розподіляються за такими критеріями:
послідовність і логіка у викладенні змісту – 0,5 бала,
дотримання формату ділового листа – 0,5 бала,
відсутність лексичних помилок – 1 бал,
граматична коректність складеного документа – 1 бал.
Keys.
Focus on Vocabulary and Reading
Task 1. a. self-employed, freelance; b. multinational; c. state-owned; d. entrepreneur; e. family firm / business.
Task 2 A 1. Human Resources / Personnel / Training; 2. Production and Quality Control; 3. Information Technology; 4. Purchasing; 5. Marketing; 6. Sales and Distribution; 7. Finance. Task 2 B 1. To select and recruit staff; 2. To organize training; 3. To check and improve quality standards; 4. to design information systems; 5. To source (buy) materials and equipment; 6. To negotiate prices and delivery times / contracts; 7. To carry out market research; 8. to coordinate budgets; 9. to collect and analyse data; 10. to raise money.
Task 3 A 1. turnover, increase; 2. consumer, decline, jobs; 3. marketing, store; 4. advertising, operations; 5. bankrupt, redundant.Task 3 B 1. H&M; 2. Gap; 3. Zara; 4. Benetton; 5. boo.com Task 3 C a. markets; b. turnover; c. profits; d. sales; e. budget; f. funding Task 3 D a. 1. Generates; 2. Entered; 3. Expanding; 4. Upgrading; 5. Launched; b. went bankrupt, collapsed; c. were made redundant Task 3 E 2. Open; 3. Enter; 4. cut
Task 4. A. generate; B. bankrupt; C. funding; D. lose; E. staff; F. high; G. redundant; H. costs
Task 5 A 1. B; 2. A; 3. C; 4. B; 5. D; 6. A; 7. B; 8. C; 9. D; 10. A Task 5 B 1. Set up; 2. Look for; 3. Buy up; 4. Work out; 5. Speed up
Task 6 A a. 4; b. 2; c. 5; d. 3; e. 1; f. 7; g. 6. Task 6 B. 1. Leads; 2. Present, demonstration; 3. Delivery; 4. Sale; 5. Form; 6. Place, appointment; 7. Invoice; 8. customer; 9. Complaint, replace, discount.
Task 6 C. to offer a discount; to send an invoice; to close a sale; to replace damaged goods; to present products; to place an order; to follow up a lead / a visit; to set up an appointment; to negotiate prices / delivery dates.
Task 7 A. 1. e; 2. f; 3. b; 4. a; 5. c; 6. g; 7. d Task 7 B 1. pay package; 2. fringe benefits; 3. paid leave; 4. bonus; 5. flexitime; 6. job security; 7. Promotion
Task 8 A. 1. B; 2. D; 3. A; 4. B; 5. C; 6. D; 7. B; 8. A; 9. D; 10. C. Task 8 B. a. incentive; b. staff; c. perks; d. assess; e. potential; f. skill; g. merit; h. career. Task 8 C. 1. To offer financial incentives; 2. To motivate people; 3. To have different effects; 4. To be in a position; 5. To offer non-financial perks/a parking space; 6. To drive to work; 7. To assess the individuals; 8. To achieve someone’s maximum potential; 9. To recognize each individual’s specific skills and talents; 10. To treat people on their own merits.
Task 9 A. 1. C; 2. E; 3. A: 4. B. Task 9 B. a. occupation; b. hierarchy; c. earnings; d. status; e. the unemployed; f. employment; g. income
Task 10 A. 1. Sweatshops, sales; 2. child labour; 3. Equal opportunities; 4. Charities; 5. made redundant; 6. Shareholders. Task 10 B. 2. To believe, to believe in equal opportunities; 3. Construction, to work for a construction company; 4. To invest, to invest money; 5. To consult, to consult about the money; 6. To entertain, to entertain potential customers.
Task 11 A. 1. Home-working - c; 2. Hot-desking - a; 3. Video-conferencing - b. Task 11 B. 1. Teleworking; 2. Telecommuting; 3. Teleconferencing; 4. Telecottage. Task 11 C. 1. D; 2. A; 3. B; 4. A; 5. D; 6. B; 7. A; 8. C; 9. A; 10. B; 11. D; 12. C; 13. D; 14. B
Task 12 A. 1. B; 2. E; 3. A; 4. C; 5. F. Task 12 B. 1. Result in; 2. Changing; 3. Carried out; 4. Access. Task 12 C. 1. C; 2. E; 3. D; 4. A; 5. B
Task 13. 1. And demand 2. Other factors 3. Increasing recourse .4. In most Communist 5. As the 1990s began
Task 14. 1. They are decisions 2. The manager does 3. Such a decision 4. Very often 5. When a complex
Task 15. 1. Most of these people 2. Thus, you have 3. We are at the perfect 4. One of the most 5. With the proper program
Task 16. 1. Competition amongst 2. It is this sense of belonging 3. This means that people 4. This results in senior 5. In order to achieve this
Task 17. 1. The public are 2. These departments assist 3. These include a very 4. He or she must have 5. Competition for jobs
Task 18. 1. The owner is liable for 2. Each of the partners is 3. As with a general partnership 4. Corporations may sell 5. LLCs may not sell
Task 19. 1. Economics generally studies 2. It is a social science 3. Furthermore, it must 4. It examines how households 5. These sectors include
Task 20. 1. At a given price for a good 2. For example 3. This law further states 4. Just as with the demand curve 5. On the supply side
Task 21. 1. This involves 2. Some of the findings 3. In these situations 4. The interview may 5. The manager
Task 22. 1. Nations may have an 2. This theory explains 3. Notably it is agriculture 4. With quotas, governments 5. The most favoured notion clause
Focus on grammar
Task 1. Keys: 1. is betting; 2. consists; 3. are moving; 4. do not actually make/ give; 5. loves; 6. say/ is raising/ providing; 7. takes part; 8. drives; 9. consists; 10. is looking for; 11. asks; 12. am calling; 13. am looking; 14. is increasing/ is decreasing/ is growing; 15. are operating/ choose; 16. worries; 17. are still falling; 18. travels; 19. works; 20. marks; 21. summarizes; 22. delivers; 23. is producing.
Task 2. Keys: 1. is sticking/ includes; 2. appears/ is thinking; 3. is getting/ doesn’t speak; 4. work/ are looking; 5. is/ is thinking/ doesn’t think; 6. doesn’t buy/ is looking; 7. is having/ takes; 8. are supporting/ accepts; 9. is changing; 10. is developing/ offer.
Task 3. Keys: 1. had physically attacked; 2. approved; 3. were having dinner; 4. were expecting; 5. developed; 6. signed on/ took; 7. were not particularly willing/ had never dealt with; 8. found/ were willing; 9. grew; 10. had chosen; 11. had promised; 12. refused; 13. was watching/ heard; 14. met/ told/ depended; 15. plunged/ soared/ came out; 16. was talking/ was driving; 17. fell/ grew; 18. became; 19. made/ succeeded; 20. found/ had become; 21. was.
Task 4. Keys: 1. has just called; 2. has been piling up; 3. have long been seeking; 4. have stabilized/ have even made; 5. have been raising/ has helped; 6. have been doing; 7. has risen; 8. has never been; 9. has made; 10. has become; 11. at least doubled; 12. has delivered; 13. have already identified; 14. have climbed; 15. has been buying; 16. have been packing.
Task 5. Keys: 1. will soon be/ will account; 2. will not be/ will be increasingly isolated; 3. will accept/ invite; 4. will generate; 5. is moving/ will rake; 6. remain/ will frequently be; 7. predict/ will become; 8. will cast; 9. will have to; 10. will offer; 11. will email; 12. does not mean/ will displace; 13. will look/ is; 14. will save; 15. will certainly have/ have.
Task 6. Keys: 1. gets/ will have; 2. wouldn’t it matter/ left; 3. would never write/ needed; 4. falls out/ will find; 5. were to/ would remain; 6. were/ would they be able to; 7. prove/ will lead; 8. are/ will translate; 9. will prefer/ have; 10. would be/ had; 11. would you do/ needed/ didn’t have.
Task 7. Keys: 1. is mostly applied; 2. is estimated; 3. are limited; 4. is involved; 5. is being done; 6. are also being pushed out; 7. is based; 8. are intended; 9. is bound; 10. is closely correlated; 11. are fed up; 12. is strongly supported.
Task 8. Keys: 1. are performed/ has been translated; 2. has been rated; 3. was founded; 4. was channelled; 5. were reported; 6. was cut/ were laid out; 7. were involved; 8. were given; 9. was expended; 10. has been won; 11. has been identified; 12. has been talked; 13. have been given; 14. has been written; 15. have already been snapped up; 16. was assumed; 17. was founded; 18. have all been trained; 19. was required; 20. have been developed.